恩格斯环境正义思想及其当代价值研究

发布时间：2019-07-05 16:33

【摘要】：环境危机的逐渐加剧危及人类的生存和发展。在此背景之下研究恩格斯环境正义思想,无疑具有重要的理论意义和实践价值。恩格斯环境正义思想吸取了古希腊哲学家、德国古典哲学家正义思想的合理成分,并继承和发展了马克思的环境正义思想,其发展历程主要伴随着恩格斯科学唯物史观的确立而逐渐完善并成熟。除此之外,恩格斯更将视角放置于资本主义社会,紧密结合自身对于资本主义社会环境问题的思考,对人和自然如何达成和解作出了深刻阐述。恩格斯环境正义思想不但变革了传统哲学关于人与自然的观念,而且在其对资本主义生产方式、资本主义私有制的猛烈批判过程中,提出了人与自然和谐相处的目标,为实现人与环境的和谐共处指明了方向和途径。恩格斯环境正义思想的当代价值主要关注三个问题:首先,恩格斯对环境正义的“事实性”和“价值性”的阐述,能否立足于时代背景下把二者辩证统一起来;其次,要明晰恩格斯环境正义思想的“历史性”和“当代性”,进而准确把握在多变化的时代背景下如何寻找二者之间的平衡点;最后,是否可以从当代的多个环境实践中,立足于我国当前的环境实践,为寻找到恩格斯环境正义思想的生命力提供思考方向。本研究以恩格斯环境正义思想作为对象,在对历史唯物主义的整体把握中,从理论来源、实践基础、理论建构三个维度对恩格斯环境正义思想进行阐述,将人类环境自由和环境平等之间的张力作为立足点,通过对恩格斯环境正义思想的发展历程、主要要素、基本特征与实现途径的阐述,从而建构起系统化的恩格斯环境正义思想理论体系。并在此基础之上,以生态学马克思主义、有机马克思主义以及绿色政治对于恩格斯环境正义思想的发展为基本参照,为推进我国生态文明建设,强化我国环境治理的公平正义性,实践绿色共享发展理念以及构建命运共同体提供思考的方向。环境自由主要体现在人类在面对自然环境时,如何通过认识和利用自然规律,进而达到改造自然界,获得更多的自由权利,这是人类一直有待于解决的问题。在这个问题上,恩格斯将人类的自由与客观必然性结合起来考察,通过思考人与自然的关系,认为自由的关键就在于“根据对自然界必然性的认识来支配我们自己和外部自然”,这也因此体现了恩格斯追求环境自由的思想。恩格斯认为要想解决人与自然之间的困境,需从根本上明确方向,即实现“两个和解”。一方面,要实现“人与自然的和解”,即达到人类通过调控自身物质生产活动来促进人与自然之间的良好互动,在实践基础上达成两者的和谐统一,并进而为实现自然环境的正义提供可能。另一方面,要想解决人与自然之间的困境,还需要实现“人与自身的和解”。人类在改造自然环境的过程当中获得了环境自由之后,如何公正平等地分配环境权利,承担环境义务,这些问题皆需要理论的回答。恩格斯认为要想解决这些问题,需要我们变革现有的不平等的生产方式及其相关上层建筑,以实现环境平等。本研究主要采用文献研究法、问题式研究法以及多学科综合研究法。在立足于相关文献的基础上,结合哲学、伦理学、经济学、政治学等多学科的知识与方法来探讨恩格斯环境正义思想的来源、建构、发展及当代价值,有效地提高了研究的综合性和科学性。除此之外,本文在梳理恩格斯环境正义思想发展历程的基础上,创造性地提出恩格斯环境正义思想主要围绕着其对人类环境自由和环境平等之间的张力关系而展开探讨的观点。
[Abstract]:The gradual increase of the environmental crisis threatens the survival and development of human beings. In this background, it is of great theoretical and practical value to study Engels' environmental sense of justice. Engels' environmental sense of justice draws on the rational composition of the ancient Greek philosopher and the German classical philosopher's sense of justice, and inherits and develops Marx's thought of environmental justice, and its development course is gradually perfected and mature with the establishment of the historical materialism of Engels. In addition, Engels put the angle of view in the capitalist society, and closely combined with the reflection of the environmental problems of the capitalist society, and made a profound exposition of how to achieve the reconciliation of the people and the nature. Engels' environmental justice thought not only changed the traditional philosophy about the concept of man and nature, but also put forward the goal of harmony between man and nature in the process of the fierce criticism of the capitalist mode of production and the private ownership of capitalism. The direction and approach are identified for the realization of the harmonious coexistence of people and the environment. The contemporary value of Engles' environmental justice thought mainly focuses on three problems: first, Engels' "factual" and "value" of environmental justice can be based on the dialectical unity of the two in the background of the background; secondly, the "historic" and the "contemporary nature" of Engels' environmental justice thought should be clarified. In order to find out how to find the balance between them in the background of multi-change, it is possible to provide the thinking direction for finding the vitality of the thought of the environmental justice of Engles based on the current environmental practices of our country. In that present study, as the object of Engles's environmental justice, in the whole grasp of historical materialism, from the theoretical source, the practical foundation and the theory, three dimensions are set forth on the theory of the environmental justice of Engels, and the tension between the human environment freedom and the environmental equality is taken as a stand. Through the development of Engels' environmental justice thought, the main elements, the basic characteristics and the realization way, the system of the systematic and systematic Engels' environmental justice thought was constructed. On the basis of this, based on the development of ecological Marxism, organic Marxism and green politics to Engels' environmental justice thought, in order to promote the construction of ecological civilization in China, to strengthen the fairness and justice of environmental governance in China, Practice the concept of green shared development and the direction of building the community of destiny. The environmental freedom is mainly reflected in the human being in the face of the natural environment, how to realize the natural law by recognizing and utilizing the natural law, so as to achieve more free rights, which is a problem that human beings have to solve. In this matter, Engels combined the human freedom with the objective necessity, and by thinking about the relationship between man and nature, the key to freedom is the "to control our own and external nature based on the understanding of the inevitability of nature", which also reflects the thought of Engels' pursuit of environmental freedom. Engels thought that to solve the dilemma between man and nature, it is necessary to clear the direction fundamentally, that is, to realize the "two reconciliation". On the one hand, to realize the "the reconciliation of man and nature", that is, to achieve the good interaction between man and nature by regulating the production activity of its own material, to achieve the harmony and unification of both human and nature on the basis of the practice, and to provide the possibility for the realization of the justice of the natural environment. On the other hand, to solve the dilemma between man and nature, it is also necessary to realize the "the reconciliation of man and himself". After the mankind has obtained the environmental freedom in the process of transforming the natural environment, how to distribute the environmental right and bear the environmental obligations fairly and equally, all of these questions need to be answered in theory. Engels thought that to solve these problems, we need to change the existing and unequal mode of production and its related superstructure, so as to achieve the equality of the environment. This study mainly adopts the literature research method, the problem-type research method and the multi-disciplinary comprehensive research method. On the basis of the relevant literature, the source, construction, development and contemporary value of Engles' environmental justice thought are discussed in combination with the knowledge and method of philosophy, ethics, economics, political science and so on, and the comprehensive and scientific nature of the research is effectively improved. In addition, on the basis of combing the development of the theory of environmental justice in Engles, the paper creatively put forward the view that the thought of the environmental justice of Engles mainly focuses on the tension between the freedom of the human environment and the equality of the environment.
【学位授予单位】：广西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：A81;X2

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