宁夏人口城镇化问题研究

发布时间：2017-12-28 14:34

本文关键词：宁夏人口城镇化问题研究　出处：《中央民族大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：我国己进入城镇化深入发展的关键时期,以人口城镇化为核心的新型城镇化是我国进一步推进城镇化发展的方向,也是经济社会发展新的推动力。宁夏作为全国唯一的回族自治区,近年来经济发展迅速,城镇化发展成果显著,银川市、沿黄城市带城镇化率均超过65%,但在城镇人口增加和城镇建设加大的同时,也存在着一些问题。与银川市等北部川区发展较好的城市明显不同,南部山区的城镇化率要远远低于全区平均水平,且城镇基础设施建设落后,教育、医疗等保障性措施严重缺失,区域间不协调性明显。而就从整体来看,宁夏的城市发展普遍存在城镇规模小、职能不完善、辐射带动力弱等问题,且城市间的关联程度比较低。虽然近些年宁夏城镇城区建设成果非常显著,但以城区建设和传统产业为核心和支撑的城镇化使得宁夏的人口城镇化水平比较低,城镇对人口的吸纳力不足,严重制约了宁夏城镇的可持续发展。而依托国家新型城镇化建设的大背景,提高宁夏人口城镇化水平将成为解决传统城镇化发展遗留问题和推动城镇化进一步发展的关键。宁夏的城镇化发展具有其特殊性,由于城镇自身对人口吸纳力比较弱,使得较大一部分的人口转移是由于吊庄、生态移民等人口迁移工程形成的,而这些转移人口的生活条件虽然有了很大改善,但与此同时也产生了大量留守儿童和老人,生产方式的改变并没有与生活方式的改变同步,移民生活缺乏保障,也就造成了一系列社会问题。与此同时,宁夏是少数民族聚居区,对于广大少数民族而言,由于文化、习俗等因素的影响,在区内实现城镇化也成为他们的主要选择。但由于城市的吸纳力不足满足不了农业转移人口的就业需求,同时也导致大量人才流失,农业转移人口背井离乡,这种不稳定性也导致了农业转移人口难以融入城市等一系列问题的产生。城镇的发展是为人服务,人口随着城镇化的发展在生产方式、生活方式等各个方面的提升才是城镇化发展的最终目的,因此解决这一问题才能真正实现新型城镇化的目标蓝图。基于这样的背景,本文通过对人口城镇化概念的界定和评价体系的建立,结合宁夏发展现状,试图对宁夏人口城镇化水平进行定性和定量研究,分析宁夏人口城镇化水平滞后的问题及原因,分析认为宁夏人口城镇化的滞后除了户籍等制度因素的影响外,更重要的是城市本身产业结构不完善、经济发展落后而导致的对人口吸纳力不足,产业结构的不完善使得城市无法有效的吸纳更多劳动力,而经济发展的不足也使得城市缺乏为转移人口提供各项福利待遇的能力。因此,不同于其他地区户籍制度和土地制度是制约人口转移最重要的因素,对于宁夏而言,就业是制约农业转移人口市民化的关键,要切实提高人口城镇化水平,实现农业转移人口的市民化,首先是要提高城镇产业支撑力,促进产业结构和就业结构的协同发展,与此同时,通过平衡各区域间的发展、制度改革和提高劳动力素质等措施共同促进人口在城镇化过程中各个方面的提升,使城镇发展符合人的发展要求,让城镇服务于人。
[Abstract]:China has entered a critical period of further development of urbanization. The new urbanization based on population urbanization is the direction of further urbanization in China, and also a new driving force for economic and social development. As the only Hui Autonomous Region in China, Ningxia has witnessed rapid economic development in recent years. Notable achievements have been made in the development of urbanization. The urbanization rate in Yinchuan and the urban belt of Yellow River is over 65%. However, there are still some problems in the increase of urban population and the increase of urban construction. Obviously, the urbanization rate in southern mountainous areas is much lower than that in cities such as Yinchuan. The urbanization rate in southern mountainous areas is far lower than the average level in the whole area, and the urban infrastructure construction is lagging behind. The safeguard measures such as education and medical treatment are seriously missing, and the regional disharmony is obvious. On the whole, the urban development in Ningxia generally has such problems as small urban scale, imperfect functions, weak radiation power and so on, and the correlation degree between cities is relatively low. Although the achievement of Ningxia's urban and town construction is very significant in recent years, the urbanization with urban construction and traditional industries as the core and supporting makes Ningxia's population urbanization level relatively low, and the urban population absorptive capacity is not enough, which seriously restricts the sustainable development of Ningxia's towns. Relying on the background of national new urbanization, improving the level of population urbanization in Ningxia will become the key to solve the remaining problems of traditional urbanization and further development of urbanization. The particularity of the development of urbanization in Ningxia, the town itself to absorb population strength is relatively weak, so that a large part of the population transfer is Diaozhuang immigration, ecological migration project is formed, and the transfer of population living conditions although has been greatly improved, but at the same time also has a lot of Left-behind children and the elderly no, the change of the mode of production and lifestyle changes and synchronization, the lack of protection of immigrant life, also caused a series of social problems. At the same time, Ningxia is a populated area for ethnic minorities. For the majority of ethnic minorities, urbanization is also their main choice in the area due to cultural and customs factors. However, due to insufficient urban absorptive capacity, it can not meet the employment needs of the agricultural transfer population, but also lead to a large number of brain drain. The instability of agricultural transfer population has also led to a series of problems such as the difficulty of integrating agricultural transfer population into urban areas. The development of cities and towns is to serve people, and the improvement of population and urbanization is the ultimate goal of urbanization. Therefore, we must solve this problem to achieve the goal blueprint of new urbanization. Based on this background, this article through the definition of the concept of population urbanization and the establishment of evaluation system, combined with the development status of Ningxia, trying to make qualitative and quantitative study on Ningxia population urbanization level, problem and reason analysis of Ningxia population urbanization level lags behind, analysts believe that Ningxia population urbanization lag in addition to the impact of institutional factors such as household registration besides, more important is the city itself imperfect industrial structure, backward economic development and lead to the population to absorb less power, imperfect industrial structure makes the city cannot effectively absorb more labor force, rather than economic development also makes the city lack of ability to provide benefits for the transfer of population. Therefore, different from other regions of the household registration system and land system is the most important factor restricting the transfer of population, for Ningxia, employment is the key to restrict the transfer of agricultural population of people, to improve the level of population urbanization, realize the transfer of the agricultural population of people, the first is to improve the supporting industry, promote coordinated development the industrial structure and employment structure, at the same time, through the balanced development among different regions, reform and improve the quality of the labor force and other measures to promote population in the process of various aspects of the promotion in the town, the town development in accordance with the requirements of the development of towns in the service.
【学位授予单位】：中央民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：C922

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