兰州市低收入人口居住空间及其社会效应

发布时间：2018-01-02 16:12

本文关键词：兰州市低收入人口居住空间及其社会效应　出处：《西北师范大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：1978年以来,由于中国经济制度从计划经济到市场经济转变,导致社会经济、居住空间等各方面发生了翻天覆地的变化以及随着经济的发展,城市居民的收入差距不断扩大而导致的居民的经济地位发生了严重的分层,社会极化现象愈发突出以收入不同而演变成的社会分层现象随处可见,城市化的快速推进,引发大城市住宅空间的不断扩大,城市居民因为收入的不同而选择不同的住宅空间,原有不同收入阶层高度混杂的共生居住区消失导致居住不平衡以及产生居住隔离现象进而滋生为许多对城市社会不稳定和谐发展的因素。其中最明显的标志:居住生活空间上的相对隔离—通过收入来区分,中国大城市的居住空间隔离引发了低收入人口聚居社区衍生、发展的前提和基础。近年来,中国的城市化进入稳定发展阶段,市场经济向纵深推进,城市居民的社会分层现象逐步明显,受利益等各种因素的影响,低收入住区的聚集对城市容貌,资源的共享,公共设施的利用,社会的可持续发展,安定和谐产生不可磨灭的影响。基于这种大背景下,本文以兰州市各街道的低收入人口为研究对象,根据2013年6月进行的兰州市居民调查问卷和棚户区统计数据,借助Arc GIS10.0、SPSS平台,综合运用数理统计、反距离空间插值、主成分因子分析和聚类分析等方法,揭示兰州市低收入人口的属性特征、空间分布、聚居类型、社会效应及缓解措施。结果表明:在社会属性方面,低收入人口主要是30岁以下、低学历,集中在高中及以下学历;下岗及退休、无职业且家庭结构较复杂人口。在空间分布方面,低收入人口“西高东低”分布不均衡,市区层面来看,以西关什字为界,西部包括七里河区、安宁区及西固区,低收入人口较多,东部城关区低收入人口较少。分区层面来看呈现,“多中心”组团结构,形成了低收入人口集中的城关区东部、七里河南部、西固区中部为中心的组团结构。从街道层面来看,“核心-边缘”特点明显,低收入人口分布比较集中,从各街道中心想边缘逐渐递增的趋势。在聚居类型方面,可将其居住空间划分为原住型、流动型和移民型;在社会效应方面,出现空间分化与居住分异,引发居住隔离与“问题社区”,加剧资源失配和空间剥夺,危及公共安全与社会稳定等一系列社会问题,通过调整福利政策,完善社会保障制度,倡导混合居住,缓解社会阶层矛盾,拓宽就业渠道,改善居民经济状况,加强规划引导,实现社会公平正义等措施加以消解。
[Abstract]:Since 1978, due to China economic system transformation from planned economy to market economy, lead to social economy, happened to turn the world upside down changes in various aspects of living space, with the development of economy, expanding the city residents income gap caused by the residents' economic position had a serious social stratification, polarization phenomenon increasingly prominent social stratification with different income into everywhere, rapid development of the city, causing large city residential space expanding, city residents and the choice of different income because of the residential space, the original income highly mixed residential areas disappear to living symbiotic imbalance and produce residential segregation phenomenon and breeding for many of the city social stability and harmonious development of the factors. The most obvious sign: relative isolation - living space on the collection To distinguish the isolation of the living space Chinese big city caused the low income population community derivative, the prerequisite and foundation for development. In recent years, the city of China entered a stable stage of development, to promote the depth of the market economy, the social stratification of city residents gradually obvious, affected by various factors such as interest, low income to live the accumulation of city appearance, the sharing of resources, the use of public facilities, social sustainable development, stability and harmony have an indelible impact. Based on this background, the low income population as the research object to the streets of Lanzhou City, according to the statistics of June 2013 Lanzhou city residents questionnaires and shantytowns data. With the help of Arc GIS10.0, SPSS platform, integrated use of mathematical statistics, inverse distance interpolation, principal component analysis and cluster analysis, reveals the Lanzhou City attribute the low income population. Sign, spatial distribution, community type, social effects and mitigation measures. The results show that: in terms of social attributes, low income population is under 30 years of age, low education, focus on high school education or less; laid-off and retired, no occupation and family structure is more complex. The population in terms of spatial distribution, low income population of West "high and low in the East" uneven distribution, city level, to Xiguan for the community, including the western Qilihe District, Anning District and Xigu District, low income population, Chengguan District of Eastern low income population less. Partition level, group structure, the formation of multi center low income population is concentrated in the Chengguan District the East, seven in Henan, the central group structure of Xigu District as the center. From the street level, the "core periphery" was characterized by relatively concentrated low income population distribution, gradually increasing from the center to the edge of the street in the settlement trend. The type, which can be divided into the original living space occupied, and the flow of immigrants; social effect, spatial differentiation and differentiation of living, causing residential segregation and "community", the aggravation of resources mismatch and spatial deprivation, a series of social problems that endanger public safety and social stability, by adjusting the the welfare policy, improve the social security system, promote mixed living, alleviate social contradictions, broaden employment channels, improve the economic status of residents, strengthen planning guidance, to achieve social fairness and justice and other measures to eliminate.

【学位授予单位】：西北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：C922

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