我国二胎政策相关法律问题研究

发布时间：2018-01-26 12:17

本文关键词： 二胎政策法律问题对策　出处：《武汉工程大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：中国是众所周知的世界人口大国,人口基数众多,庞大的人口对政治、经济和文化带来不可忽视的压力,同时也对生态环境造成巨大压力,为了顺应社会发展的需要,我国提出“计划生育”的基本国策,是符合人口发展趋势的,适当控制人口增长,将一定程度上有利于社会发展。近三十年来,我国实施计划生育政策,产生了一定的正面影响,显而易见的是有效控制了人口数量,另外,也一定程度上提高了国民人口素质,除了这些积极影响,不可否认的是,负面影响也逐渐显现,比如:出生人口性别比例失衡,这些都是计划生育政策实施过程中不可忽视的问题。对此,为了顺应时代发展潮流,为了顺应外部环境的改变,我国十八届三中全会出台了启动“单独二胎”的决定,这是对现有计划生育政策做出的合理调整,这样的改变调整最终将促进人口社会和生态的和谐发展。我党十八届五中全会确认了全面二胎政策的正式推行,终结了国内长达三十年之久的独生子女政策。“单独二胎”政策实行不过两年,全面二胎政策就紧随而至。此番政策的加速落地一方面来自于广大人民群众的热切期盼,另外政府也对相关政策做出了科学评测。站在国内经济未来发展的角度来看,全面二胎政策的落地将对弥补劳动力缺口带来重要影响。另外,生育水平的提升将直接对相关生产领域的整体运营构成影响,创造更多的投资良机。本文探究相关理念,为课题研究作好准备,以我国二胎政策为研究主题,围绕“我国二胎政策相关法律问题研究”为主线,通过界定二胎政策的概念,解读二胎政策并分析其带来的影响,进而归纳出其所存在的相关法律问题,在此基础上探索如何加强二胎政策的推行,以实现二胎政策中法律的优化。首先是绪论,研究背景与意义,国内外研究现状,概述了研究思路和方法;其次第二章二胎政策的相关理论概述,论述了我国二胎政策相关界定以及实施带来的影响,包括国家政治、社会经济、个人家庭这几方面;第三章分析了我国二胎政策实施的现状,首先分析了全面二胎实施的原因,之后从五方面论述存在的现状问题:夫妻生育权的问题、性别区别对待问题、继承权平等的问题、人工生殖技术的问题、社会抚养费的问题;第四章针对存在的问题提出相关法律问题的对策:夫妻生育权利的保障、男女性别的方面对策、继承权的完善策略、构建我国人工生殖技术法制、加强社会抚养费征收管理;最后第五章对全文作出总结。论文研究只是浅要对我国二胎政策作出分析,在今后还需要进一步加强。
[Abstract]:As everyone knows Chinese is the world's most populous country, population is numerous, the political large population brings pressure on the economy and culture, but also caused great pressure on the ecological environment, in order to meet the need of social development, our country puts forward "the basic national policy of family planning", is in line with the trend of population development, appropriate to control population growth, to a certain extent, is conducive to social development. In the past thirty years, the implementation of family planning policy in China, has produced some positive effects, obviously is the effective control of the population, in addition, also improves the national quality of the population, in addition to these positive effects, it is undeniable that the negative impact is gradually emerging, such as: gender imbalance at birth, these are the problems that can not be ignored in the process of implementing the policy of family planning. In this regard, in order to adapt to the development trend of the times. To adapt to the external environment change, our country introduced in the third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee launched the "separate second child" decision, it is reasonable to make adjustments to the existing family planning policy, this change will ultimately promote the harmonious development of population, society and ecology. The Communist Party of China in the fifth Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee confirmed the overall two-child policy formally launched, the end of the home for thirty years for the one-child policy. The second child alone policy but for two years, followed by comprehensive two-child policy will accelerate the landing. Looking forward to on the one hand from the masses of the policy, the government also made a scientific evaluation of the relevant policies. At the future development of the domestic economy point of view, a comprehensive two-child policy. The floor will bring important influence to compensate for the labor gap. In addition, the fertility level of ascension will directly to the related production area whole body The operation of impact, create more investment opportunities. This paper explores the related concepts, to prepare for the research on China's two-child policy as the research subject, research on the related legal issues in China two-child policy as the main line, through the definition of the concept two-child policy, interpretation two-child policy and analyzing its effects, and then summed up the relative legal problems exist, based on the exploration of how to strengthen the two-child policy implementation, to realize the optimization of the legal two-child policy. The first is the introduction, research background and significance, research status at home and abroad, summarizes the research ideas and methods; the theory outlined in the second chapter, two-child policy, discussed China's second child the definition and implementation of policy related effects brought about, including the national political, economic and social, personal family in these areas; the third chapter analyzes the current situation of China's two-child policy implementation, first of all Analysis of the causes of comprehensive implementation of the second, after the existing problems discussed from five aspects: the spouse birth right, sex discrimination, equal inheritance rights problem, artificial reproductive technology, social compensation fee; the fourth chapter puts forward countermeasures to solve the existing problems related to legal issues: couple reproductive rights security measures, gender, policy inheritance rights, constructing China's legal system of artificial reproductive technology, strengthen the administration of collection of social maintenance fees; finally, the fifth chapter summarizes this thesis. This thesis is a shallow analysis on China's two-child policy to further strengthen in the future.

【学位授予单位】：武汉工程大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：C924.21

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