马寅初社会整合思想研究

发布时间：2018-02-08 11:53

本文关键词： 马寅初社会批判社会整合思想　出处：《重庆师范大学》2010年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 生活在近代中国社会转型时期的马寅初为了实现中华民族的国富民强,殚精竭虑,艰苦奋斗。他和同时期的爱国人士们一样,都围绕着中国所面临的“救亡与复兴”两大社会难题而提出各自的解决方案,都在试图找出一条既能挽救国家危亡,又能实现国家富强的拯救方案。他有着多年的海外求学经历,同时他对中国的现实社会也进行了深入的调查研究。马寅初是中华海外回来的第一位经济学家,他对中国社会的发展产生过重要的影响,他的国家建设思想对我国的现在和将来都有着一定的借鉴意义。他借鉴西方先进的经济学理论,结合中国社会现有的实际现状,从多方面对中国社会进行改造,并在此基础上逐渐形成了系统的社会整合思想。马寅初的“国富民强”思想,是在中国近代民族危机不断加深,西方先进文化的影响下,中国先进知识份子和中国民族资产阶级的多重熏陶下确立的。他对中外的社会进行了深入的考察,他系统的分析了近代中国为什么没有进步的原因。他批判了中国政府的专制统治。同时,马寅初批判了近代中国的经济政策。作为民族资产阶级的代言人,在不断引进西方经济思想下,他针对近代中国社会面临的实际问题,系统的在贸易、税收、金融等方向进行了社会批判。面对严重的民族危机和社会危机,马寅初主张从经济、教育和人口等方面入手加以应对。马寅初的经济整合方面主要包括财政整顿、税收改革、关税保护以及中央银行金融统制等内容。他的财政整顿思想在一定程度上影响了政府的决策,尤其是关于预算的基本程序和相应的主体结构,体现了他试图把西方国家“三权分立”的政治学说,引入中国预算程序中。与此同时,他指出中国社会的进步需要有创设一个良好的人口环境。而实现人口整合目标也是中国当前的必由之路。因此必须打破愚昧落后的生育观念,为我国实现人口整合创造有利条件。马寅初不断提醒国人,人口控制是一项长期、渐进的工程,它需要我们全社会的密切的配合,更依赖于社会全体成员的积极参与。通过实施计划生育的手段来改善人口结构,以增加人的受教育机会和缓解经济改革的难度,以促进国家整合的速度。在教育方面,马寅初采用学校教育和实践教育等方式去凝聚社会力量,整合社会资源。他认为学校的振兴是关乎国家由弱到强,由落后走向先进的重要条件。要想从根本改变国家落后的局面,就应当重视学校的建设。如果国家不重视教育,那么人才就会出现匮乏,社会秩序就会出现混乱,国家的实力就会出现衰弱。再者学校对于一个人的成长也有着重大的影响,所以要大力兴办学校。他希望通过这些途径能够使国民具有一定的向心力,从而促使社会良性运行和协调发展,最终能够实现国富民强的目标。全文以社会学的理论与方法为框架,从历史学、教育学、人口学、社会学和经济学等多方面入手,探究了马寅初的社会批判思想和社会整合思想,再现了他以社会变迁为基础、改造社会和重塑个体思维模式。因此,研究马寅初的思想有助于我们了解近代中国经济发展及现代化进程。他的社会整合思想也是中国国家建设中非常宝贵的财富,他为社会的良性发展提供了重要的参考,对当今社会的发展也具有一定的借鉴价值。
[Abstract]:Life in the modern period of social transformation Chinese Ma Yinchu in order to achieve the Chinese nation strong and hard work. He also leave no stone unturned, and patriotic period were the same, all around China facing the "salvation and revival of" two social problems and put forward their own solutions, are trying to figure out a way to save the country to achieve the prosperity of the country in peril, and rescue plan. He has many years of experience studying abroad, he at the same time, the reality of social China also conducted in-depth investigations and studies. Ma Yinchu is the first Chinese overseas returned economist, he China on social development has an important influence, his country construction thought have a certain significance to the present and the future of our country. He learn advanced western economic theory, combined with the actual situation of the existing social China, from the Chinese into many aspects of social On the basis of the transformation, the social integration thought of the system has been gradually formed.
Ma Yinchu "and" thought, is Chinese in modern national crisis deepened, the influence of western advanced culture under the influence of multiple Chinese advanced intellectuals and China national bourgeoisie established. He made an in-depth investigation on Chinese society, he systematically analyzes the reason why there is no progress in modern China he. Criticism of autocratic rule Chinese government. At the same time, Ma Yinchu criticized the modern economic policy Chinese. As a spokesman for the national bourgeoisie, the constant introduction of western economic thought, he aimed at the practical problems facing the modern social system in Chinese, trade, taxation, finance and other direction of social criticism in the face of serious national crisis. And the social crisis, Ma Yinchu advocated from the economic, education and population of coping. Ma Yinchu's economic integration include fiscal consolidation, tax Accept reform, tariff protection as well as the central bank's control over the finance. His fiscal consolidation thought influenced the government's decision to a certain extent, especially the basic process of the budget and the corresponding main structure, reflects his attempt to western countries "three powers" of the political theory, introducing the Chinese budget process. At the same time he pointed out, Chinese social progress requires the creation of a good population environment. And to achieve the goal of population integration is also Chinese current. So the only way which must be passed must break the ignorance and backwardness of the fertility concept, for the realization of China's population integration to create favorable conditions. Ma Yinchu constantly remind people, population control is a long-term, progressive engineering and it requires us to close co-ordination of the whole society, but depend on the active participation of all members of the society. To improve the population structure through the implementation of family planning methods, in order to increase The chance of being educated and ease the difficulty of the economic reform, to promote national integration speed. In terms of education, the Ma Yinchu school education and practical education to social cohesion and strength, the integration of social resources. He believes that the revitalization of the school is the country from weak to strong, to an important condition for the advanced from behind. In order to fundamentally change the situation in backward countries, should pay attention to the construction of the school. If countries do not attach importance to education, so there will be shortage of qualified personnel, the social order will be chaos, the country's power appears weak. Moreover the school for a person's growth also has a great influence, so we should vigorously set up schools. He hoped that through these means the national has a certain centripetal force, thereby promote social benign operation and coordinated development, and ultimately achieve the goal.
Based on the theory and method of sociology as a framework, from the history, education, demography, sociology and economics and other aspects, explores Ma Yinchu's social critical thought and social integration thoughts, he reappeared on the basis of social change, social transformation and remodeling a mode of thinking. Therefore, the research of Ma Yinchu's thoughts help us to understand the economic development and modernization of modern China. Very precious wealth of his idea of social integration is also China construction in the country, he provides an important reference for the healthy development of the society, also has a certain reference value for the development of today's society.

【学位授予单位】：重庆师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：C92-0

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