中西部县区级出生性别比治理的社会政策比较研究

发布时间：2018-03-06 20:05

本文选题：出生性别比　切入点：政策　出处：《西安工程大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：中国自20世纪80年代以来，出现了出生性别比偏高的现象，并有逐年升高的趋势，很多地区的出生性别比的值大大高于出生性别比的正常值域的上限。如果出生性别比偏高的态势不能得到有效的遏制，那么会引发一系列的社会问题，同时也侵害了女性的生存和发展。在这样的背景下，国家政府、研究者以及社会公众都对出生性别比偏高的问题给予了很大的关注和重视。为了有效地遏制出生性别比的升高并使之趋于正常，中央和地方各级政府不仅从政策的角度即制定和出台各项法律法规和社会政策，而且从宣传的角度即采用现代化的宣传网络引导人们形成性别平等的现代文明的生育观念和文化。 2003年，国家政府开展了“关爱女孩行动”，其目的是运用公共政策手段对出生性别比偏高问题进行引导，并维护妇女和女童的生存和发展，倡导性别平等的现代文明生育观；其主要对象是农村独生子女和女儿家庭及女孩和妇女。本文根据24个“关爱女孩行动”国家级试点县调查的数据和访谈资料，采用质性研究方法的扎根理论，建立了中国县区级治理出生性别比的政策分析框架。在此基础上，选择中部的YC和西部的ZZ目前实施的利益导向政策作为研究对象，从政策制定过程、政策执行过程和政策效果三个方面进行比较分析，得出异同点，并试图找到YC的政策优势以及ZZ的政策不足，并针对西部县区出生性别比偏高的问题，提出有效的政策建议。文章的主要创新点如下：第一，建立了县区级出生性别比治理的政策分析框架。本文基于质性访谈和调查问卷的数据，采用了扎根理论，并对24个“关爱女孩行动”国家级试点县区所实施的政策进行了政策过程的分析，即是从政策制定过程、政策执行过程和政策效果三个方面对政策进行分析和阐述，，得出了县区级出生性别比治理的政策分析框架。第二，对中西部县区级出生性别比治理的社会政策进行了比较研究。国内的文献对东部的省份或城市出生性别比治理研究比较多，但对中西部的省份或者城市研究很少，尤其是对中西部不同县区的比较更少。本文通过对YC区和ZZ县两个县区出生性别比治理的社会政策进行比较分析，即从政策制定过程、政策执行过程和政策效果三个方面对政策进行分析和阐述，得出两个县区的优势与不足，为西部出生性别比偏高问题的治理提供理论和实践方面的借鉴。文章的主要结论：第一，从政策制定的过程来看，已经初步建立起利益导向的社会政策体系，但存在部分条款缺失和表述不清的问题和操作化等问题。第二，从政策执行的过程来看，代表妇女利益的组织以及公民社会组织的参与程度仍然偏低，缺少项目办和“关爱办”的合作及领导的支持，未能形成良好的合作机制。在监督机制方面比较欠缺，并存在监督的操作性不强、监督责任不明确等问题。第三，从政策效果来看，出生性别比一定程度地降低，群众对优惠政策的知晓程度比较低，受扶助的群众少，婚育观念没有发生根本的改变。
[Abstract]:Chinese since 1980s, appeared the phenomenon of high sex ratio at birth, and increased year by year, in many parts of the sex ratio at birth is much higher than the normal range value of the birth sex ratio limit. If the high sex ratio at birth situation can not be effectively curbed, it will lead to a series of social problems at the same time. Against the survival and development of women. In this context, the national government, researchers and the public on the high sex ratio at birth give a great deal of attention. In order to effectively curb the rising sex ratio at birth and tends to normal, the central and local governments not only from the perspective of policy the development and introduction of various laws and regulations and social policies, and from the perspective of publicity is the use of modern network publicity to guide people to the modern civilization of gender equality of birth Ideas and culture.
In 2003, the national government carried out the "caring for girls", its purpose is to use public policies to guide the higher sex ratio at birth, and maintain the survival and development of women and girls, advocate of modern civilization family gender equality view; its main object is the rural one-child family and daughter and girls and women.
According to the 24 investigation of "caring for girls" national pilot county data and interview data, using grounded theory of qualitative research methods, established Chinese County governance policy born sex ratio analysis framework. On this basis, interest oriented policy implementation of YC in central and Western ZZ present as research the object, from the three aspects of the process of policy making, policy implementation and policy effect were analyzed, and draw similarities and differences, and try to find the YC policy advantages and ZZ policy is insufficient, and the high sex ratio at birth in the western counties, and puts forward effective policy recommendations.
The main innovations of the paper are as follows: first, the establishment of county level sex ratio at birth control policy analysis framework. In this paper, qualitative interviews and questionnaire data based on the grounded theory, and on the 24 of "caring for girls" pilot counties to implement the policy in the policy process analysis, i.e. from the policy making process, analysis and elaboration of policy three aspects of policy implementation and policy effect, the county level sex ratio at birth control policy analysis framework.
Second, the central and western district level birth sex compared with the ratio of governance of social policy. The domestic literature of the eastern part of the province or city of birth sex more than governance research, but for the Midwest provinces or city research is very few, especially compared to less in different counties. The sex ratio at birth control of social policy a comparative analysis of the two counties of YC district and ZZ County, which is from the process of policy making, analyzes and expounds on the policy of the three aspects of policy implementation and policy effect, the two counties of the advantages and disadvantages of western governance problem of the high sex ratio at birth to provide the reference in theory and practice.
The main conclusions of the article are as follows: first, from the perspective of policy making, we have initially established interest oriented social policy system, but there are still some problems such as lack of clauses and unclear issues and operationalized problems.
Second, from the policy implementation process, on behalf of the women, the interests of the organization and participation of civil society organizations is still low, the lack of cooperation and leadership to do project support and care to do ", failed to form a good mechanism of cooperation. In lack of supervision mechanism, and operation supervision is not strong, the problem of supervision responsibility is not clear.
Third, from a policy point of view, sex ratio at birth is reduced to a certain extent, the awareness level of preferential policy is relatively low, to assist the masses, marriage is not fundamentally change.

【学位授予单位】：西安工程大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：C924.24

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