“全面两孩”政策下银川市育龄人群两孩生育意愿及影响因素研究

发布时间：2018-03-08 02:37

本文选题：“全面两孩”政策　切入点：育龄人群　出处：《宁夏医科大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：研究背景:“全面两孩”政策自2016年1月1日起依法实施,生育意愿反映了政策实施的效果,从而影响着育龄人群的生育行为。因此,在“全面两孩”政策背景下研究育龄人群两孩生育意愿并探讨其影响因素具有重要的作用。研究目标:本文在“全面两孩”政策背景下,探讨育龄人群对政策的认知,通过对银川市育龄人群两孩生育意愿调查,描述其总体特征,分析其影响因素,基于对不同年代育龄人群两孩生育意愿实证研究,比较银川市不同年代育龄人群两孩生育意愿的差异性,针对研究结果进行讨论,提出相应的建议。从而对“全面两孩”新生育政策下银川市人口发展和未来人口的预测提供合理的数据参考和理论支撑。研究方法:本研究主要运用定量并结合定性研究的方法。数据收集方面,通过文献检索法,梳理有关生育意愿的理论基础;通过问卷调查法,对银川市1967-1996年出生的450名育龄人群生育意愿进行调查;通过访谈法,对宁夏卫计委计生有关科室进行实地调研。数据分析方面,运用统计软件SPSS21.0整理和分析,对两孩生育意愿的基本情况进行描述性统计,对不同人口学特征下育龄人群的两孩生育意愿运用卡方检验进行单因素分析,对年代与生育意愿进行相关分析,对影响因素进行logistic回归分析。研究结果:1.“全面两孩”政策下银川市育龄人群对政策的认知情况对“全面两孩”政策的认知,12.22%的人非常了解;24.89%的人比较了解;41.12%的人一般了解;17.33%的人不太了解,4.44%的人完全不了解。2.银川市育龄人群两孩生育意愿总体特征(1)51.33%的人愿意生两个孩子,34.22%的人不愿意生两个孩子,14.45%的人还没想好。婚姻状况、目前职业、户口性质和孩子个数对育龄人群生育两孩意愿有差异性,具有统计学意义(P0.05)。意愿生育孩子数量上,75.11%的人意愿生育两个孩子,20.45%的人意愿生育一个孩子,而不生育孩子和意愿生育三个及以上的孩子都占有2.22%。(2)意愿生育孩子性别上,68.22%的人理想是生育两个孩子,最好是儿女双全。(3)意愿生育孩子年龄上,32.67%的人意愿生育年龄在26-30岁,普遍认同26-30岁生育两孩最合适。(4)意愿生育孩子目的上,喜欢小孩子、让孩子有个伴和增加家庭乐趣是育龄人群生育两孩的主要原因;家庭经济压力、养育费用高和耗费精力大是影响育龄人群生育两孩的主要因素。3.银川市不同年代育龄人群两孩生育意愿差异分析结果育龄人群两孩生育意愿较高,对不同年代育龄人群两孩生育意愿相关分析,在意愿生育数量上,相关系数r=0.054,P=0.25,年代与意愿生育孩子数量间无相关关系;在意愿生育性别上,相关系数r=14.131,P=0.118,年代与意愿生育孩子性别间无相关关系;在意愿生育年龄上,相关系数r=0.202,P0.001,年代与意愿生育年龄间存在相关关系。4.银川市育龄人群两孩生育意愿影响因素logistic回归分析结果logistic回归分析发现,影响银川市育龄人群两孩生育意愿的因素有:一般人口学资料:年龄、户口性质;个人因素:喜欢小孩子、让孩子有个伴、孩子没人带;家庭因素:增加家庭乐趣、养育费用高、家庭经济压力;社会因素:提高教学质量、女性工作权益、孕产妇心理健康疏导。回归系数依次为-0.032、-0.665、-0.806、-1.798、0.603、-1.543、0.670、0.616、-0.863、0.649、0.785.建议:1.加大政策宣传力度,提高育龄人群认知度2.提升卫生服务水平,降低高龄孕产妇生育风险3.促进养育成本多元化,构建职业女性合法权益4.加强社会保障力度,完善相关配套措施
[Abstract]:Background: "two children" policy since January 1, 2016 according to law, fertility will reflect the effect of policy implementation, thus affecting the reproductive behavior reproductive population. Therefore, in the "comprehensive two child policy background of the reproductive population of two child birth and will have an important role to explore its influencing factors. Research objectives: This article in the" comprehensive two child policy background, to explore the cognition of the reproductive population policy, the people of reproductive age in Yinchuan two child willingness survey, describing the overall characteristics, analyze its influencing factors, an empirical study of two children with the wishes of the people of childbearing age age based on differences in different reproductive population in Yinchuan city two children will, according to the results of the study are discussed, the corresponding suggestions are put forward. Thus the "population development of Yinchuan city comprehensive two children, the new family planning policy and the future population of pre Measured to provide reasonable data reference and theoretical support. Methods: This study used quantitative and qualitative research method. Data collection, through the literature search method, combing the relevant theoretical basis of fertility desire; through the questionnaire, we investigated 450 people of childbearing age birth will was born in Yinchuan city in 1967-1996 years; by in the interview, the Ningxia health planning and planning related departments to conduct field research. Data analysis using statistical software SPSS21.0 collation and analysis, descriptive statistics on basic situation of two child will, of different demographic characteristics under the population of childbearing age two children will use chi square test was used for univariate analysis, correlation analysis age and fertility desire, the influencing factors were analyzed by logistic regression analysis. Results: the understanding of the policy of the people of reproductive age in Yinchuan 1. "total two children" policy Know the cognition of "comprehensive two children" policy, about 12.22% people; 24.89% people; 41.12% people generally understand; do not know 17.33% people, 4.44% people did not understand the general characteristics of the women of childbearing age in Yinchuan city.2. two child will (1) 51.33% of people are willing to live two the children, 34.22% people do not want to have two children, 14.45% of people did not think well. Marital status, current occupation, Hukou and number of children have differences in reproductive population fertility two child will, with statistical significance (P0.05). The number of desired children, two children who wishes 75.11% a child, family who wishes 20.45%, without children and will give birth to three more children and have 2.22%. (2) will have children gender, 68.22% of the ideal is to have two children, it is best to sons and daughters. (3) will have children age On the willingness of childbearing age 32.67% at the age of 26-30, at the age of 26-30 generally accepted the birth of two children (4). The most suitable to desired children, love children, let the children have a partner and family fun is the main reason for the birth of two children of childbearing age population; family economic pressure, raise the high cost and energy consumption is different in the main factors affecting the reproductive population of childbearing age the birth of two children in Yinchuan city.3. two child willingness difference analysis results of childbearing age two child willingness higher, correlation analysis of the different people of childbearing age two child care may wish, number of births, the correlation coefficient r=0.054, P=0.25, no correlation between age and number of wishes children; in the intention of sex, the correlation coefficient r=14.131, P=0.118, no correlation between age and gender in desired children; willingness of childbearing age, correlation coefficient r=0.202, P0.001 years. Generation and willingness of childbearing age among women of childbearing age related.4. Yinchuan city two child factors logistic regression analysis results of logistic regression analysis showed that two factors affecting birth willingness at childbearing age in Yinchuan city are: general demographic data: age, household nature; personal factors: love children, let the children have a partner, child no one with; family factors: the increase of family fun, raising the high cost of family economic pressure; social factors: improve the quality of teaching, women working rights, maternal mental health counseling. The regression coefficients were -0.032, -0.665, -0.806, -1.798,0.603, -1.543,0.670,0.616, -0.863,0.649,0.785. 1. recommendations: increase policy advocacy efforts, improve the awareness of people of childbearing age 2. the level of health services, reducing the risk of maternal age family rearing costs 3. to promote the diversification of the legitimate rights and interests of women 4. to strengthen social construction occupation It will guarantee the strength and improve the relevant supporting measures

【学位授予单位】：宁夏医科大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：C924.21

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