内蒙古少数民族人口的数量变化、原因及对策

发布时间：2018-03-08 04:13

本文选题：少数民族人口　切入点：民族政策　出处：《内蒙古师范大学》2010年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 人口问题研究历来是民族学研究不可或缺的组成部分。明晰内蒙古少数民族人口数量的变化趋势、探究这种变化的原因之所在进而提出相应的应对措施,对于制定我区社会和经济的发展规划、建设“和谐”社会的战略实施都具有重要的意义。本文从实证分析的角度,对内蒙古少数民族人口数量变化问题进行探讨,全文遵循提出问题——分析问题——解决问题的逻辑顺序。文中数据来源于《内蒙古自治区公安厅人口统计资料汇编(》1980年——2007年)。本文着眼于社会因素进行人口数量变化的原因分析,强调政策环境、文化环境(包括经济环境)对于解决人口问题的作用所在。通过对各年数据的分析可以看到:少数民族人口占全区人口总数比例上涨,少数民族人口增长速度远远大于汉族人口增长速度。少数民族中,蒙古族、满族人口自然增长率持续偏高。少数民族人口增长迅速,政策倾斜的原因首当其冲。国家对少数民族的各项照顾政策如少数民族干部政策、少数民族就业政策、少数民族文化教育政策等,使一部分人为能够享受这些政策纷纷更改民族成分。鉴于民族政策的吸引力,基本上所有民族通婚家庭所生子女均选报少数民族成分。我认为,某个个体应该归属什么民族,应当是个体的一种民族认同感的情感选择,而不应是一种根据血统来确定的“血统论”,更不应是鉴于某种实际利益而做出的取舍。由于上述各项民族政策在执行时的种种问题而导致少数民族人口增长的事实不容忽视。这样不仅使国家为实行民族政策的成本大大增加,同时也极易促进地区民族间的矛盾。内蒙古东部地区蒙古族人口增速快于中西部地区。当地的牧民(以蒙古族为主)经历了从游牧——半农半牧——农业的生产方式的转变。人口增长和农业生产之间形成一种互相递增的循环关系,农业生产导致了人口激增。“重农轻牧”这样的产业选择其文化根源就是认为农耕先进而游牧落后,不分地理环境一味的将农耕文化作为主导文化,从而致使起源于草原并最适应于草原生态地区的游牧文化逐渐衰落。由于没有充分尊重自然条件错误的选择生产方式而使昔日“风吹草低见牛羊”的茫茫草原如今只剩下少数的优良牧场,荒漠化、沙尘暴等等的生态问题已不仅是内蒙古当地的事情了。一个民族的强大和兴旺发达,不取决于民族人口是否众多,而在于民族群体素质的高低和经济实力的强弱。因此,要把提高人口质量作为头等重要的人口政策。此外,控制人口数量刻不容缓。其他具体的民族优惠政策在执行时应考虑政策制定者真正要照顾的人群,不能仅靠户口簿上的民族成分来判定是否应予以照顾,而应根据实际情况区别对待。理性地以本地区的自然生态条件选择适宜的产业模式就一定要建立一种适宜的主导文化,在未来相当长历史时期内草原地区的主导文化应是以游牧文化的精髓为基础,充分吸收包括农业文明、工业文明和信息文明在内的人类文明一切优秀成果的一种开放性体系。
[Abstract]:The study population has always been an indispensable part of ethnological research trends. The clear minority population of Inner Mongolia, the reason of this change of put forward the corresponding countermeasures and development plan for the development of social and economic area, has important significance to the implementation of the construction of "harmonious society" strategy.
This paper from the perspective of empirical analysis, discusses the problems on changes in the number of minority population in Inner Mongolia, followed by the sequence of questions analysis of the problem - to solve the problem. In this paper, data from the "the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Public Security Bureau population statistical data collection (>1980, 2007). This paper focuses on the social factors cause analysis population change emphasize, policy environment, cultural environment (including the economic environment) for the solution of the population problem.
Through the analysis of the data of each year, we can see that the proportion of the minority population in the whole area has increased. The growth rate of the minority population is far greater than that of the Han population. The natural growth rate of Mongolians and Manchu population is relatively high.
The minority population is growing rapidly, the primary reason of policies. The national care policy such as minority cadres policy for the ethnic minorities, minority employment policy, minority education policy, make some people can enjoy these policies have changed the ethnic composition. In view of national policy attraction, basically all the ethnic intermarriage family children are reported to ethnic minorities. I think that an individual should belong to what people should be a sense of national identity and individual emotional choice, should not be a "blood lineage is determined according to the theory, it should not be the real interest of choice of the minority. The national population growth can not be ignored due to the fact that the problems in the implementation of the national policy. It is not only the country for the implementation of national policy cost greatly At the same time, it is also very easy to promote the contradictions among ethnic groups.
In eastern Inner Mongolia, the Mongolian population grew faster than the central and western regions. The local herdsmen (Mongolian based) has experienced a transition from nomadic animal husbandry -- -- the way of agricultural production. The formation of each other between population growth and agricultural production, agricultural production has led to the population explosion. "Agriculture and light industry and this choice is that the cultural root of advanced and backward nomadic farming, regardless of geographical environment the farming culture as the dominant culture, which originated from the gradual decline of grassland and grassland ecological areas best suited to the nomadic culture. The former" and the wind blows "the vast grassland now the remaining few excellent pastures, because of the lack of full respect for the natural conditions of the wrong choice of mode of production of desertification, sandstorm and ecological problems has not only is the local Inner Mongolia. It's a feeling.
A nation is strong and prosperous, does not depend on whether the national population is numerous, but in the quality of the ethnic groups and economic strength. Therefore, to improve the quality of the population as the most important population policy. In addition, population control is urgent. Ethnic preferential policies should be considered with other policy makers really take care of the people at the time of execution, not only by the ethnic composition of the booklet to determine whether it should be taken care of, and depends on the actual situation.
Rationally to the region's natural ecological conditions to choose the appropriate mode of industry must establish a suitable dominant culture, the dominant culture in the future for a long period in the grassland region should be based on the nomadic culture, fully absorb including agricultural civilization, an open system of industry and information civilization including all outstanding human civilization.

【学位授予单位】：内蒙古师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：C924.2

【引证文献】