农村人口老龄化对中国农业经济的影响研究

发布时间：2018-03-14 07:49

本文选题：农村人口老龄化　切入点：农业经济　出处：《江苏大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：人口老龄化是人类社会共同面临的人口发展趋势,中国农村大量年轻人口迁移城镇,使农村老龄问题更加突出。农业是国民经济的基础,是不以人们的意志为转移的,是在一切社会形态下都普遍发生作用的客观经济规律。由于中国农村地域辽阔,人口众多,农业在中国国民经济发展中的作用尤其突出。在农村人口老龄化的背景下,工业化和城镇化的快速发展吸引大量农村青壮年劳动力流入城镇,老年人口成为农业生产的主角。探讨农村人口老龄化对农业经济的影响,对中国农业现代化进程具有重要的战略意义,为西部地区和粮食主产区早日基本实现农业现代化提供理论基础和借鉴。本文以中国农村人口老龄化和中国农业经济为研究对象,首先,概述人口老龄化和农业的内涵与相关理论基础,从理论上探讨农村人口老龄化对农业经济的影响;其次,从农村人口老龄化的现状、成因、特征及趋势,农业经济在国民经济的地位,农业劳动力文化状况,东中西三大区域农业经济差异等描述分析农村人口老龄化和农业经济发展现状;再次,基于C-D生产函数构建面板模型实证分析农村人口老龄化对农业经济的影响;最后,结合全文分析提出对策建议。研究结果显示,大量青壮年劳动力不断向外迁移,农村人口老龄化远高于城镇老龄化水平,这种差距持续增长。农业生产要素逐年增长,但小规模经营仍是中国农业生产的主要模式。农村人口老龄化程度的加深导致劳动力供给减少和农业劳动力老龄化,降低农业生产率,对农业生产产生不利的影响;农村人口老龄化间接引起农业规模化生产、机械化作业和农业科技应用的提高,消弱农业生产对劳动力的依赖程度,进而间接促进农业生产方式的转变,加快农业现代化的进程。在实证研究中,东部地区和中部地区借助地理位置优越、经济发达、科技优先应用等优势,降低农业生产对劳动力的依赖,缓解老年人口带来的部分负向影响。根据研究结果,为了应对农村人口老龄化对农业经济的冲击,本文提出持续发展城镇化、农业适度规模经营、完善农村基础设施和农业现代化装备、提高农业从业人员文化素质、加强农业科技研发和推广等对策建议。
[Abstract]:The aging of the population is a common trend of population development facing the human society. A large number of young people in China's rural areas have migrated to cities and towns, making the problem of aging in rural areas even more prominent. Agriculture is the foundation of the national economy and is not transferred by the will of the people. It is an objective economic law that functions in all forms of society. Because of China's vast rural area and large population, agriculture plays a particularly important role in the development of China's national economy. Under the background of the aging of the rural population, The rapid development of industrialization and urbanization attracts a large number of young and middle-aged rural labor force into cities and towns, and the elderly population becomes the main role of agricultural production. It is of great strategic significance to the process of agricultural modernization in China, and provides a theoretical basis and reference for the early realization of agricultural modernization in the western region and the main grain producing areas. This paper takes the aging of the Chinese rural population and the agricultural economy of China as the research object. First of all, it summarizes the connotation and related theoretical basis of population aging and agriculture, discusses the impact of rural population aging on agricultural economy theoretically, and secondly, from the current situation, causes, characteristics and trends of rural population aging. The status of agricultural economy in the national economy, the cultural situation of agricultural labor force, and the differences in agricultural economy among the three major regions of East, West and East are described and analyzed. The aging of the rural population and the current situation of agricultural economic development are analyzed. Thirdly, The panel model based on C-D production function is used to analyze the impact of the aging of rural population on the agricultural economy. Finally, based on the full-text analysis, the author puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions. The results show that a large number of young and middle-aged labor force is constantly moving outward. The aging of the rural population is far higher than the level of urban aging, and the gap continues to grow. The factors of agricultural production are increasing year by year. However, small-scale operation is still the main mode of agricultural production in China. The deepening of the aging of rural population leads to the decrease of labor supply and the aging of agricultural labor force, and the reduction of agricultural productivity, which has a negative impact on agricultural production. The aging of the rural population indirectly leads to the improvement of large-scale agricultural production, mechanized operation and the application of agricultural science and technology, which weakens the dependence of agricultural production on the labor force, and thus indirectly promotes the transformation of agricultural production mode. Speeding up the process of agricultural modernization. In the empirical study, the eastern and central regions reduce the dependence of agricultural production on labor force by virtue of the advantages of superior geographical location, developed economy and preferential application of science and technology. According to the research results, in order to deal with the impact of the aging of rural population on the agricultural economy, this paper proposes the sustainable development of urbanization, agricultural moderate scale management, To improve the rural infrastructure and modern agricultural equipment, improve the cultural quality of agricultural practitioners, strengthen the development and extension of agricultural science and technology, and other countermeasures and suggestions.
【学位授予单位】：江苏大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F323;C924.24

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