延边地区朝鲜族女性人口迁移的影响因素分析

发布时间：2018-04-03 19:32

本文选题：延边地区　切入点：朝鲜族　出处：《吉林大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：吉林省是我国朝鲜族人口分布最密集的省份，而延边地区又是吉林省朝鲜族人口的最主要聚居地。在其他少数民族人口稳步增长的同时，延边地区朝鲜族人口的发展却呈现相反的景象，1996年以后，延边地区朝鲜族人口连续十几年出现负增长并达到了全国最低水平。而朝鲜族女性人口由于特殊的生活习惯和文化特征，发生了大规模的迁移，这势必会对当地经济社会发展产生巨大的影响。自然增长率出现负数，使朝鲜族人口在延边州总人口的所占比例也在不断下滑，从1949年的63.4%下降到2010年的36.6%。朝鲜族人口的减少与出生率低、死亡率高和人口大量外迁有密切关系。一是很多朝鲜族女性人口主动放弃生二胎的权利，普遍一胎化，这导致朝鲜族人口的出生率连年降低。二是朝鲜族死亡率较高,尤其是中、老年死亡率更高，这是由于朝鲜族人口不科学的饮食习惯和生活方式。三是朝鲜族迁出人口逐年增多，尤其是大量女性人口加入到劳动力市场，利用自己天生语言优势，很多女性迁移到韩国打工，有些甚至通过婚姻迁移永久离开了原居住地。20世纪90年代以来，延边地区朝鲜族流出人口越来越多，尤其是女性人口的迁移趋势更加明显。女性人口的迁移方式不再是传统的“依附移民”，而是转变为“自主移民”,务工、学习、经商、婚姻与亲属移民等成为朝鲜族女性迁移的主要形式。 90%的朝鲜族迁移女性年龄集中在15-50岁，其中20-25岁是女性人口迁移的高峰。在迁移的所有朝鲜族女性人口中，52.18%是未婚女性，95.13%是初中以上文化水平，可以看出朝鲜族迁移女性人口大多是未婚且文化素质较高的女性。她们迁移的原因主要是务工和学习，分别占到68.95%和17.28%，另外还有7.06%是婚姻迁移。在所有的女性迁移人口中，有35.40%的人口在省内流动，有26.68%的人迁移到省外，有22.99％的人迁到了韩国，还有14.93%的人迁移到其他国家。论文的主体是运用描述性统计分析、二分类Logistic回归分析和多分类Logistic回归分析的方法对延边地区朝鲜族女性迁移人口影响因素的分析。得出结论：15-34岁朝鲜族女性群体最易发生迁移；已婚女性迁移到韩国的倾向大于未婚女性；受教育程度影响着迁移意愿，初中文化水平以上的女性迁移意愿更加强烈；户主的孩子迁入地最可能是省内和韩国；家庭人口数和户口性质对女性人口迁移作用不显著。延边朝鲜族女性人口的迁移对女性人口自身、家庭和延边地区都产生了巨大的影响。迁移增加了家庭的收入，也拉动了当地经济的发展，但同时也带来一些问题。对女性人口自身而言，女性迁移人口难以融入迁入地的生活，她们劳动参与率低，大多从事低薪工作或无酬的家务劳动，，生殖健康状况受到威胁，晚婚晚育意愿也变得更加强烈；对家庭来讲，女性人口迁移降低了婚姻的稳定性，也使她们生二胎的意愿减弱，家中老人孩子的照料成为问题；对延边地区来说，育龄妇女的迁出使朝鲜族人口总量和生育水平下降，更严重的是加剧了农村的婚姻市场挤压，导致婚龄人口性别比严重失调。
[Abstract]:Jilin province is the province population distribution of the most intensive Korean in China, while Yanbian is the Korean population in Jilin province. The main settlements in other ethnic minority population is steadily growing at the same time, the development of the Korean population of Yanbian area shows the oppositetrend. After 1996, Yanbian Korean population of ten consecutive years the negative growth and reached the lowest level. While the Korean female population due to the special habits and cultural characteristics, mass migration occurred, it will have a huge impact on the local economic and social development.
The natural growth rate is negative, the Korean population in Yanbian, the total population in the proportion of decline, fell from 63.4% in 1949 to 2010 the Korean population of 36.6%. decrease with the low birth rate, high mortality rate and is closely related to the large population relocation. A lot of Korean women give up life child rights, generally a child, which led to the Korean population birth rate decreased year after year. The two is the Korean high mortality rate, especially in the elderly, a higher mortality rate, which is due to the Korean population of poor dietary habits and lifestyle. The three is Korean emigration is increasing year by year, especially large the female population into the labor market, using their own natural language advantage, many women migrated to South Korea to work, since some even through marriage migration leave the former residence of the.20 century in 90s, in Yanbian District Korean out of more and more people, especially the female population migration trend is more obvious. The migration way of the female population is no longer a traditional "dependent immigration", but also "independent immigrants", work, learning, business, marriage and family immigration has become the main form of Korean female migration.
90% Korean female migrants concentrated in the age 15-50, which is 20-25 year old female migration peak. In all Korean female population migration, 52.18% unmarried women, 95.13% junior high school or higher education level, we can see that most of the migration of female population of Korean is not married and the culture of high quality women. Their reasons the migration is mainly working and learning, respectively accounted for 68.95% and 17.28%, another 7.06% is female marriage migration. In the migration of the population in all, 35.40% of the population flow in the province, there are 26.68% people migrate to other provinces, there are 22.99% people moved to Korea, and 14.93% of people migrate to other countries.
The main body of the thesis is the use of descriptive statistical analysis method, two classification Logistic regression analysis and multinomial Logistic regression analysis of the factors affecting the migration of population of Korean women in Yanbian area. The conclusions are as follows: 15-34 year old Korean women are most prone to migration; married women are easy to migrate than unmarried women; education the migration intention, culture of junior high school above the level of female migration will be more intense; the children in the most likely province and South Korea; family population and household properties were not significant on the migration of female population.
The migration of Yanbian Korean female population of female population, has exerted a great influence in family and in Yanbian area. It improves the family income, but also stimulating the development of the local economy, but also brought some problems. The female population itself, female migration population is difficult to integrate into local life, their labor the participation rate is low, mostly engaged in low paid workor unpaid housework, reproductive health is threatened, delayed marriage and childbearing willingness become more intense; the family is concerned, the migration of female population reduces the stability of marriage, also make their child will weaken, the elderly and children home care becomes a problem for Yanbian region; to move out, so that the Korean women of childbearing age in the total population and birth rate decline, the more serious is exacerbated in rural areas of the marriage market squeeze, resulting in a serious imbalance of marriageable sex ratio.

【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：C924.24

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