中国生育政策对女性地位的影响

发布时间：2018-04-03 17:12

本文选题：生育政策　切入点：教育获得　出处：《人口研究》2016年04期

【摘要】：文章利用双差分策略评估了中国生育政策对女性地位的影响。研究发现,以农村地区为参照组,一胎化政策使在计生政策之后出生的城镇女性平均多接受了0.71年教育;以少数民族为参照组,生育政策使受干预队列中女性受教育年限提高了1.45年,生育政策对性别教育平等具有明显的促进效应。随着女性相对教育水平的提高,市场中性别收入差距开始缩小,但性别间教育回报率差距没有显著变化,市场中性别歧视程度没有显著下降。同时,以家务分工态度和婚姻独立态度衡量的性别观念没有发生显著的变化。由于市场歧视程度和社会性别观念没有显著变化,随着中国全面放开二孩,在未来可以通过劳动力市场政策进一步强化就业平等,利用相关配套政策促进性别平等。
[Abstract]:This paper evaluates the impact of China's fertility policy on the status of women by using the double difference strategy.The study found that, using rural areas as the reference group, the one-child policy resulted in an average of 0.71 years of education for urban women born after the family planning policy, and for minorities as the reference group.The reproductive policy increased the education years of women in the intervention cohort by 1.45 years, and the fertility policy had obvious promoting effect on the equality of gender education.With the improvement of the relative education level of women, the gender income gap in the market began to narrow, but the gap of return on education between the sexes did not change significantly, and the degree of gender discrimination did not decrease significantly in the market.At the same time, there was no significant change in gender attitudes as measured by the attitude of division of household duties and the attitude of marriage independence.As there is no significant change in the degree of discrimination in the market and the concept of gender, with the overall opening of the second child in China, employment equality can be further strengthened through labor market policies in the future, and relevant supporting policies can be used to promote gender equality.
【作者单位】：南京农业大学公共管理学院;中国社会科学院财经战略研究院;
【基金】：南京农业大学人文社科探索项目“中国生育政策对女性地位的影响研究:基于教育获得和社会地位的双重视角”资助(编号:SKTS2016009)
【分类号】：C924.21;D669.68

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