北京商人的历史档案与移民人生

发布时间：2018-04-11 03:30

本文选题：动态商业史 + 北京成文厚　；参考：《清华大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2013年06期

【摘要】：城市商业现代化研究的一个基本问题是家族私人企业的位置和作用,为此需要关注城乡社会结构中的中小商号的特征。在北京老字号成文厚的个案中,其历史档案和移民史料之丰富出人意料,但内容也相当庞杂,尽管如此,它们仍能帮助我们思考一些有意思的问题,如以往学者对山东向东北移民的劳动力问题关注较多,而对东北对山东的商业影响关注较少;对移民商人的海上路线关注较多,而对铁路沿线城市关注较少;对山东与东北和华北大区域的联系关注较多,而对连接两个大区域的北京、天津和大连三个具体城市的联系关注较少。现在关注这些被忽略的问题会发现,这类中小商号经历战争、社会事变和家族股份变更,实际上演绎了一种与稳定商业环境中颇为不同的商业口述史。这种研究会与研究者所习惯的思路发生冲突,这就要求研究者去考察中小商号在诸多不确定因素中获得商业发展的例子,同时要求把商人与商业环境互动的各种线索重新加以梳理,按照中小商人自身的生活路线去思考,找出其中有价值的问题。它还提示我们,动态商业史是另一种历史的骨髓,特别是在具有传统与现代撕裂性的中小商号中尤其如此,所以要重视这方面的资料并加以利用。这种工作的意义不在于它的结论,而在于它给予这一研究过程和方法的提示。
[Abstract]:One of the basic problems in the study of urban commercial modernization is the position and role of family private enterprises, so we should pay attention to the characteristics of small and medium-sized firms in the social structure of urban and rural areas.In Beijing's well-documented cases, the rich historical archives and immigration materials are surprisingly rich, but they are also quite complex. Nevertheless, they can still help us to think about some interesting questions.For example, scholars paid more attention to the labor force problem of migration from Shandong to the northeast, but paid less attention to the commercial impact of the northeast on Shandong, paid more attention to the marine route of the immigrant businessmen, but paid less attention to the cities along the railway line.More attention has been paid to the relationship between Shandong and the Northeast and North China regions, but less attention has been paid to the three specific cities of Beijing, Tianjin and Dalian, which connect the two regions.Paying attention to these neglected issues now reveals that such small and medium-sized firms have experienced wars, social events and changes in family shares, in fact deducing a business oral history quite different from that in a stable business environment.This kind of research conflicts with the ideas that researchers are used to, which requires researchers to examine the examples of small and medium-sized firms gaining business development in many uncertain factors.At the same time, it is required to rearrange the various clues of the interaction between businessmen and the business environment, and to think about them according to the way of life of small and medium-sized businessmen, and to find out the valuable problems among them.It also suggests that dynamic business history is the bone marrow of another kind of history, especially in small and medium-sized firms with traditional and modern tearing, so we should pay attention to this information and make use of it.The significance of this work lies not in its conclusions, but in its implications for this research process and methodology.
【作者单位】：北京师范大学民俗典籍文字研究中心;法国高等社会科学研究院;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金重大项目“我国文化软实力发展战略研究”(07&ZD037)
【分类号】：F729;C92-09;G275.1

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