中国历代人口分布空间化方法研究

发布时间：2018-04-25 19:39

本文选题：人口分布 + 人口密度　；参考：《兰州大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】： 人,社会构成的主体。而描述人在地理空间分布的构成形式就是人口分布,这种人口的空间分布形式既有历史传承下的特性,也有当今生产力发展水平影响下的因素。它是自然环境和社会经济状况的反映,对自然环境演变和社会经济发展产生深远的影响作用。研究人口分布,将其同地理信息系统相结合,可以更好的揭示人口分布变化、特征、规律及其背景,为相关自然、人文科学研究提供研究基础。人口分布空间化方法主要有面积内插和空间建模两类。面积内插法将人口密度在研究区内取平均值,存在不能区分研究区内部差异,研究区之间差异变化过于显著等缺点。空间建模方法考虑了多种因素对人口分布的影响,但存在指标过多、难以完善说明彼此相关性的问题。利用插值方法中的点插值方法比传统方法平均人口密度得到的人口空间分布更符合实际。同时在解决大系统的单一问题时,仅仅用多因子的一次综合模拟并不准确,模拟因子过多,不宜取值,因子间关系不明确,最终不能执行插值,没有结果。研究表明,人口分布空间化时先进行插值得到一个粗略的可检验的结果,然后对此结果以多因子进行修正,会更加易行,更加准确。本文首先以2000年人口普查数据等为基础,分别比较了几种常用插值方法在研究区(巴彦淖尔市)人口分布空间化中的应用,研究表明：五种面插值方法得出的研究区人口总数与研究区统计数据均相差不到0.1%,但是存在相邻两地区在行政区划边界线内外数值非线性巨变的缺点；行政中心点控制下的点插值方法虽然能够克服前述缺点,但是得出的研究区人口总数是统计人口总数的4倍多,此结果显然不能作为人口分布结果；多点控制下的点插值方法得到的人口总数是统计人口总数的3/4,虽然控制点已经足够多,但是仍不能克服前述缺点,也不能作为人口分布的结果；研究区外围调节点控制下的点插值方法得出的人口总数占统计人口总数的98.22%，，同时能够克服前述缺点。以这种方法对全国人口数据进行人口分布空间化插值,分布结果符合胡焕庸先生提出的：我国人口分布在爱辉-腾冲线以东的地区属人口密度极高区,在其以西的地区除少数地段外都属极稀区。再将全国人口密度和农牧交错带进行栅格赋值比较,得出人口密度同农牧交错带的一致性为0.6413。然后在西汉数字化地图的基础上,结合西汉人口数据,完成西汉时期人口密度分布和分级图。得出西汉时期我国人口分布空间格局是人口多集中于黄河中下游地区,南方人口较稀少的结论。并在此基础上对其成因进行探讨,西汉时期人口分布的空间格局是在自然因素、政治因素和历史因素的共同作用下形成的。
[Abstract]:Man, the subject of society. Population distribution is the constituent form of describing the geographical spatial distribution of human beings. This form of spatial distribution of population has the characteristics of historical inheritance and the factors influenced by the level of development of productive forces. It is the reflection of natural environment and social economic situation, and has a profound influence on the evolution of natural environment and the development of social economy. Studying population distribution and combining it with GIS can better reveal the change of population distribution, characteristics, law and background, and provide the research foundation for the research of related nature and humanities. There are two kinds of spatial methods of population distribution: area interpolation and spatial modeling. The area interpolation method takes the average population density in the study area, and there are some shortcomings such as the difference within the study area can not be distinguished, and the variation of the difference between the study areas is too significant. The spatial modeling method takes into account the influence of many factors on population distribution, but there are too many indicators to explain the correlation between them. The point interpolation method is more practical than the traditional method in terms of the average population density. At the same time, when solving the single problem of large scale system, it is not accurate to use only one synthetic simulation of multiple factors. The simulation factors are too many, it is not suitable to take values, the relationship between factors is not clear, and the interpolation cannot be carried out in the end, and there is no result. It is shown that when population distribution is spatially spaced, a rough and verifiable result can be obtained by interpolation, and then the result can be corrected by multiple factors, which will be easier and more accurate. Based on the data of the 2000 census, this paper compares the application of several interpolation methods in the spatial distribution of population in the study area (Bayannur City). The results show that the total population of the study area is less than 0.1% different from the statistical data of the study area, but there exists the shortcoming of the two adjacent regions in the boundary line of administrative division and inside and outside the boundary line of the administrative division. Although the point interpolation method under the control of the administrative center can overcome the above-mentioned shortcomings, the total population of the study area is more than four times the total population of the statistical population, which obviously cannot be regarded as the result of population distribution. The total population obtained by the point interpolation method under multi-point control is 3 / 4 of the total population. Although there are enough control points, it can not overcome the shortcomings mentioned above, nor can it be regarded as the result of population distribution. The total population obtained by the point interpolation method under the control of the peripheral adjustment points in the study area accounts for 98.22 percent of the total statistical population, and can overcome the above-mentioned shortcomings at the same time. This method is used to interpolate the population distribution of the whole country. The result of the distribution accords with that of Mr. Hu Huanyong: the area east of the Aihui-Tengchong line belongs to the extremely high population density area. The area to the west is extremely rare except for a few. By comparing the population density of the whole country with the grid assignment of agricultural and pastoral ecotone, it is concluded that the consistency between population density and agricultural and pastoral ecotone is 0. 6413. Then on the basis of the digital map of the Western Han Dynasty and combined with the population data of the Western Han Dynasty, the distribution and classification of population density in the Western Han Dynasty were completed. It is concluded that the spatial pattern of population distribution in China during the Western Han Dynasty was mainly concentrated in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River and the south was sparsely populated. The spatial pattern of population distribution in the Western Han Dynasty was formed under the joint action of natural factors, political factors and historical factors.
【学位授予单位】：兰州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：C922

【引证文献】