基于GIS的呼和浩特市赛罕区城市人口密度模拟

发布时间：2018-04-29 16:58

本文选题：GIS + 城市土地利用分类体系　；参考：《内蒙古师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着社会的发展,由于城市化的进程不断加快,导致城市问题不断的突出,其中城市人口问题是城市问题最重要的影响因子,因此获取实时的人口数据就显得十分重要。但直到现在,取得人口数据的方式仍以人口普查为主,不但需要耗费大量的人力物力,而且不能监测城市人口的动态变化。与此同时,通过GIS获取遥感影像中的信息,估算城市人口数量,分析城市人口的分布状况,这样估算出的人口数量不但精度高,而且降低了成本,提高了效率,对城市的应急响应等方面意义重大。本文以呼和浩特市赛罕区为例,通过建立人口密度模型,研究了研究区一个普通工作日的城市人口分布状况,根据现有的分类方法建立基于研究区的城市土地利用分类体系,研究城市人口的时空分布特征,采用目视解译的方法对研究区的高分辨率遥感影像进行解译,得到研究区的土地利用类型。利用Sketch Up建模软件建立建筑物三维模型,获取建筑物高度,并最终得到建筑物的楼层数。依照城市人口的时间分布特征,根据不同时段的土地利用吸引权值,估算研究区不同时段每一种土地利用类型的人口密度,通过人口密度模拟出不同时段不同用地类型的人口数量并制作专题地图。并对模拟的结果进行分析。得出如下结论:(1)研究区第一时段和第五时段中,城市人口多在上班下班途中,人口多在交通用地分布。人口数量在1-197人的地块面积所占比重为62.6%,以交通设施用地为主,人口数量在198-593人的地块面积占比为31%,以中层数住宅为主,人口数在594-1197人的地块面积占其中的3.9%,以学生宿舍和中高层住宅为主,人口数在1198人以上的地块面积占比为2.5%,以楼层数较高的高档住宅为主。(2)研究区第二时段和第四时段中,是城市人口上班上学的时段,人口分布数量较低的(1-534人)的主要为研究区的零售商业用地和一部分行政办公用地,人口分布数量为(535-1411人)的主要用地类型为教育科研用地的除此之外还包括一些研究区内的中小型企业等。用地的人口分布数为(1412-5409人)主要为一些大型的商业金融用地如写字楼,一幢楼有许多公司在此办公,因此写字楼通常的人口密度较大。人口分布数量最高的主要用地类型为生产供应性用地,用地的人口分布数为(5410人以上)主要是研究区的大型建筑工地,这里吸引了许多劳动人口。(3)研究区第三时段主要为午休和就餐的时段,经统计得,93.4%的用地人口分布数量较低,人口数量在1-650人之间,主要为小商铺、小餐馆等商业用地及中低层住宅。人口数量在651-1414人的用地面积占比为4.5%,主要有研究区的中高层住宅以及大型商场和中高档酒店餐饮用地,人口数量在1415人以上的地块面积所占比重为2.1%。主要有研究区内一些高档住宅及学生宿舍用地等。(4)研究区第六时段主要为购物、休闲、锻炼的时段,人口分布数量较多的主要是研究区的广场和公园等用地,以及大型商场和文化体育用地。(5)研究区第七时段为夜间时段,人口多集中分布在居住用地和宿舍用地。
[Abstract]:With the development of the society, the urban problem is becoming more and more serious because of the accelerating process of urbanization. The urban population problem is the most important factor of the urban problem. Therefore, it is very important to obtain the real time population data. But until now, the way to obtain the population data is still based on the census, not only needs to be consumed. A lot of manpower and material resources can not monitor the dynamic changes of urban population. At the same time, the information in the remote sensing image is obtained by GIS, the population of the city is estimated and the distribution of urban population is analyzed. So the estimated population not only has high precision, but also reduces the cost, improves the efficiency and the emergency response to the city. This paper takes Saihan District of Hohhot as an example. Through the establishment of population density model, this paper studies the distribution of urban population in an ordinary working day in the study area. According to the existing classification methods, the classification system of urban land use based on the research area is set up, the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of urban population are studied, and visual interpretation is adopted. The method is used to interpret the high resolution remote sensing image of the study area and get the type of land use in the study area. Using the Sketch Up modeling software to establish the building 3D model, obtain the height of the building, and finally get the number of floors of the building. According to the characteristics of the time distribution of the urban population, the estimation of the land use attraction value according to the different period of time is estimated. The population density of each type of land use type in different period of time is studied. The population density of different land use types is simulated by population density and the thematic map is made. The results are analyzed. The following conclusions are drawn as follows: (1) in the first and fifth periods of the study area, the population of the city is mostly on the way to work, the population is on the way to work. The proportion of the land area of the 1-197 people is 62.6%, the proportion of the land area of the land area is 62.6%, the land area is mainly with the traffic facilities, the total area of the 198-593 people is 31%, the number of houses in the middle storeys is the main, the area of the population is 3.9% of the land area of the 594-1197 people, with the students' dormitories and the middle and high rise houses as the main, the population number of 11 is 11. The proportion of land area of more than 98 people is 2.5%, the high grade residence with higher number of floors is the main. (2) in the second and fourth period of the study area, it is the time for the urban population to go to work, the lower number of population distribution (1-534 people) is the retail commercial land and a part of administrative office land in the study area, and the population distribution is 535-141. The main types of land use for the 1 people are the small and medium enterprises in some research areas. The population distribution of land use (1412-5409 people) is mainly a number of large commercial and financial places such as office buildings, and a large number of companies are working here, so the population density of the office is usually large. Population distribution. The highest number of major land use types for the production of supply land, the population distribution number of land use (more than 5410 people) is mainly a large construction site in the study area, which attracts a lot of working population. (3) the third period of the study area is mainly the lunch break and lunch time period, 93.4% of the land population distribution is low, the population number is Among the 1-650 people, mainly small shops, small restaurants and other commercial land and low - and middle - level residential areas. The population of 651-1414 people is 4.5% of the land area. There are middle and high rise houses in the study area, large shopping malls and middle and high grade hotels, and the proportion of land area with the population of more than 1415 people is 2.1%. mainly research area. (4) the sixth period of the study area is mainly for shopping, leisure and exercise. The majority of the population distribution is the place of square and park in the study area, as well as the large shopping mall and cultural and sports land. (5) the seventh period of the study area is night time, the population is concentrated in the residential land. And dorm land.

【学位授予单位】：内蒙古师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：C924.2

【参考文献】