磐石市农村计划生育奖励扶助政策实施现状分析

发布时间：2018-05-02 10:53

本文选题：计划生育 + 奖励扶助　；参考：《吉林大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：我国从80年代以来开始推行计划生育政策,30多年过去了,中国少生了四亿多人口,我国育龄妇女的生育水平已经明显下降,低于人口更替水平。在越来越严重的老龄化到来之际,计划生育家庭面临着巨大的生活压力,独生子女承担着沉重的生活负担,这部分家庭逐渐成为社会上的弱势家庭。在农村,早年间实施计划生育家庭的老年人靠谁养老成了社会问题,2006年经过试点工作后,计划生育奖励扶助政策在全国广泛实施。这一政策的实施让计生户老年人在心理上得到了慰藉,在农村有一定的满意度。而计划生育家庭老年人面临着诸多的养老问题,其中主要来自于医疗救治和养老保障,因而探讨将奖扶政策与医疗保险、农村养老等政策相融合,将有效改善农村计划生育家庭老年人晚年生活质量。目的调查吉林省磐石市部分乡街计划生育奖励扶助政策实施现状,分析农民对奖励政策的认可度、满意度、信任度,了解群众对奖扶政策改善计划生育家庭老年人生活状况的作用。探讨如何完善计划生育奖励扶助政策,为进一步改善农村计划生育家庭老年人生活状况提供有效途径。方法在吉林省磐石市抽取的四个乡镇街中随机抽取1500人做为研究对象。分析农村计划生育奖励扶助政策实施现状,调查农民对这一政策的认可度、满意度及信任度及政策实施的有效作用,分析计划生育家庭老年人生活现状及解决方案。采用excel进行数据的输入整理,导入统计软件SPSS17.0进行统计数据分析,采用描述统计,定量资料采用方差分析,定性资料采用卡方检验。结果通过对吉林省磐石市近10年期间实施计划生育奖励扶助政策情况的调查,对抽取的1363份有效调查问卷进行数据分析,对实施农村计划生育奖励扶助政策内部各因素的讨论结果如下:1.对奖励扶助政策的出台必要性的调查中,分地区的数据显示,不同乡镇群众认为实施这一政策有必要的占85.4%-98.1%,认为必要的程度存在差异(P0.001);已享受与未享受奖励扶助政策的对象认为有必要的占94.6%-96.8%,认可程度也存在差异(P0.043);不同人均收入家庭人口认为有必要的占96.5%-98.2%,认可程度也存在差异(P0.037)。在对不同家庭常住人口数及不同家庭年收入人群的调查中,认为有必要的比例占94.5%-97.9%,认可程度不存在差异。2.对奖励扶助政策规定对象合理性的调查中,分地区的数据显示,不同乡镇群众认为奖扶对象规定合理的占82.5%-92.7%,认为合理的程度存在差异(P0.002);已享受和未享受奖励扶助政策的对象对奖励扶助政策规定对象合理的占82.5%-86.8%,认可程度也存在差异(P0.047);不同人均收入人员认为有合理的占82.0%-94.7%,认可程度也存在差异(P0.003)。在对不同年龄组、不同家庭常住人口数人群的调查中,认为有必要的比例占84.5%-90.2%,认可程度不存在差异。3.对奖励扶助金额标准满意度的调查中,分地区的数据显示,不同乡镇群众对奖扶金标准满意的占80.0%-94.5%,满意的程度存在差异(P0.001);已享受和未享受奖励扶助政策的对象对奖励金的满意的占81.2%-93.1%,满意程度也存在差异(P0.001);不同年龄组人员对奖扶金标准满意的占81.8%-93.4%,满意的程度存在差异(P0.001);不同家庭常住人口数成员对奖扶金标准满意的占81.1%-90.7%,满意的程度存在差异(P0.042)。不同人均收入人员表示满意的占83.3%-95.1%,认可程度不存在差异。部分群众认为奖金的标准应随着居民消费水平的提高和各地人均收入水平的增加而适度调整,在给予计生户老年人精神慰藉的同时,真正缓解他们生活上的压力。4.对奖励扶助金领取及时性认可度的调查中,分地区的数据显示,不同乡镇群众认为及时的占83.1%-100%,认可程度存在差异(P0.001);已享受和未享受奖励扶助政策的对象对奖励金领取及时性认可的占88.9%-97.0%,认可程度也存在差异(P0.001);不同年龄组人员对奖扶金领取及时性认可度占88.08%-96.6%,认可程度存在差异(P0.001);不同家庭常住人口数成员对奖扶金领取及时性认可的占84.6%-97.6%,认可程度存在差异(P0.001)。不同人均收入人员认为及时的占92.2%-97.7%,认可程度不存在差异。5.对奖励扶助政策与其它养老保险政策并轨实施期待情况的调查中,分地区的数据显示,不同乡镇群众表示期待的占56.3%-99.8%,期待程度存在差异(P0.001);已享受和未享受奖励扶助政策的对象对对此表示期待的占73.4%-93.2%,满意程度也存在差异(P0.001);不同年龄组人员对此表示期待的占72.8%-98.0%,满意的程度存在差异(P0.001);不同家庭常住人口数成员对此表示期待的占88.3%-89.8%,满意的程度存在差异(P0.001);不同人均收入人员对此表示期待的占84.1%-98.1%,满意的程度存在差异(P0.001)。结论1.农村计划生育奖励扶助政策为计划生育家庭老年人带来了生活上的实惠,农民中有一定的满意度。2.奖励扶助金额严重低于居民平均生活保障水平,应根据居民人均消费水平的提高逐步提升奖金额度。3.农村计划生育奖励扶助政策与其他农村养老、医疗保险制度并轨实施,即能促进各种养老制度的全覆盖,又能让计划生育家庭老年人得到更多的实惠。
[Abstract]:Since 80s, the family planning policy has been carried out in China. Over 30 years have passed and China has had a population of more than 400000000 less. The fertility level of women of childbearing age in China has been significantly reduced and lower than the level of population replacement. This part of the family has gradually become a social disadvantaged family. In the rural areas, the elderly who implemented family planning families in the early years have become a social problem. After the pilot work in 2006, the policy of family planning rewards and assistance is widely implemented throughout the country. The implementation of this policy has made the old people of the family planning psychologically. Consolation has a certain degree of satisfaction in the countryside, and the elderly people in family planning are faced with many problems of the old age, which mainly comes from medical treatment and old-age security. Therefore, it is discussed that the policy of winning and helping, medical insurance, rural pension and other policies will effectively improve the quality of life of the old people in family planning families in their later years. Check the status of family planning incentive policy implementation in Panshi street in Jilin Province, analyze the approval degree, satisfaction and trust of farmers, understand the role of the people to improve the living conditions of family planning family in family planning, and discuss how to improve the supporting policy of the planned birth control to further improve the rural plan. An effective way is provided for the living conditions of the elderly in the family. Methods 1500 people randomly selected from four townships in Panshi City, Jilin Province, were selected as the research object. The status of the implementation of rural family planning incentive policy implementation was analyzed, and the farmers' recognition degree, satisfaction and trust and the effective effect of policy implementation were investigated. The living situation of family planning family and the solution of the elderly people's living conditions. The data are input and arranged by Excel, the statistical software SPSS17.0 is introduced to the statistical data analysis, the descriptive statistics are used, the quantitative data is analyzed by variance analysis, and the qualitative data are checked by chi square test. The result is to carry out the family planning award during the last 10 years in the Panshi City of Jilin province. The investigation of supporting policy situation, data analysis on 1363 effective questionnaires and the results of the internal factors in the implementation of rural family planning incentive policies are as follows: 1. in the investigation of the necessity of the introduction of the incentive and support policy, the data in the regions show that the people in different towns think it necessary to implement this policy. Accounting for 85.4%-98.1%, the degree of necessity is different (P0.001); the objects that have enjoyed and not enjoyed the incentives are considered necessary to account for 94.6%-96.8%, and the degree of recognition is also different (P0.043); the family population of different per capita income is considered necessary to occupy 96.5%-98.2%, and the degree of recognition is also different (P0.037). In the survey of population and different family income groups, it is considered that the proportion of the necessary proportion is 94.5%-97.9%, and the degree of recognition does not exist in the investigation of the rationality of the target of the incentive policy. The data in the sub region show that the people of different villages and towns think that the award and support objects are reasonable in 82.5%-92.7%, and that the degree of rationality is poor. Different (P0.002); the objects that have enjoyed and did not enjoy the incentive policy have a reasonable account of 82.5%-86.8%, and the degree of recognition is also different (P0.047); different per capita income people think that there is a reasonable account for 82.0%-94.7%, and the degree of recognition is also different (P0.003). In the group of different ages, the number of people in different families is a number of people. In the survey of the group, the proportion of the necessary proportion is 84.5%-90.2%, and the degree of recognition does not exist in the investigation of the satisfaction of the award support amount standard. The data in the sub region show that the people of different villages and towns are satisfied with 80.0%-94.5%, and the degree of satisfaction is different (P0.001); it has enjoyed and did not enjoy the support policy. The satisfaction of the object to the reward was 81.2%-93.1%, and the satisfaction degree was also different (P0.001); the people of different age groups were satisfied with the award and support gold standard, 81.8%-93.4%, and the degree of satisfaction were different (P0.001); the members of the different family permanent population accounted for 81.1%-90.7%, and the degree of satisfaction was different (P0.042). Per capita income staff are satisfied with 83.3%-95.1%, and there is no difference in recognition. Some people think that the standard of bonus should be adjusted appropriately with the increase of residents' consumption level and the increase of per capita income level. While giving the seniors' spiritual comfort to the elderly, they are really relieving their life pressure.4. to reward and support. In the survey of the recognition degree of timeliness, the data in the region showed that the people in different villages and towns believed that 83.1%-100% was in time, and the degree of recognition was different (P0.001); 88.9% -97.0% who had enjoyed and did not enjoy the reward and assistance policy was recognized by the award, and the degree of recognition was also different (P0.001); the different age groups were different. The acceptance of award and support gold was 88.08%-96.6%, the degree of recognition was different (P0.001); the number of members of the permanent population of different families accounted for 84.6%-97.6%, and the degree of recognition was different (P0.001). Different per capita income people thought and when they accounted for 92.2%-97.7%, and there was no difference in the degree of recognition of.5.. In the investigation of the parallel implementation of the policy and other old-age insurance policies, the data in the region showed that the expectations of the people in different villages and towns accounted for 56.3%-99.8%, and the expectation was different (P0.001); the objects that had enjoyed and did not enjoy the incentive policy were expected to account for 73.4%-93.2%, and the degree of satisfaction was also different. (P0.001); people of different age groups were expected to account for 72.8%-98.0%, and the degree of satisfaction was different (P0.001); the number of members of the permanent population of different families accounted for 88.3%-89.8%, and the degree of satisfaction was different (P0.001); different per capita income people expected to account for 84.1%-98.1%, and the degree of satisfaction was different (P0.0 01) 01) conclusion 1. rural family planning reward and support policy has brought life benefits to family planning family members. Among the farmers, the amount of satisfaction in the farmers' satisfaction is seriously lower than the average living security level of the residents. It is necessary to increase the amount of the bonus according to the increase of the per capita consumption level of the residents and to help the rural family planning award to help them gradually. Policy and other rural old-age, medical insurance system on the same track, that is, to promote the full coverage of all kinds of pension systems, and to allow family planning families to get more benefits.

【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：C924.21

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