鼓励生育的政策及其效果:国际经验、回顾和展望

发布时间：2018-05-05 16:04

  本文选题：生育政策 + 现金补贴　； 参考：《浙江大学学报(人文社会科学版)》2017年05期

【摘要】：在已有的鼓励生育的政策中,现金补贴政策具有操作简单、作用直接、指向明确的特点,对鼓励生育有积极作用,其实施效果受补贴力度、父母受教育水平以及家庭收入等因素影响;税收优惠政策实施时间较晚,具有操作复杂、调节精细化等特点,但其作用尚未取得一致性的结论,其实施效果受育龄妇女年龄、教育水平以及家庭收入水平等因素影响;产假政策具有覆盖面广、历史悠久、制度完备等特点,对鼓励生育有积极作用,但效果较小,其实施效果受家庭收入、女性劳动供给等因素影响。国际上可供借鉴的经验包括:提高政策支持力度,及早进行干预,更容易产生效果;在干预政策的选择上,现金补贴政策可先于税收政策,产假制度可作为辅助,使政策之间形成配合;对政策进行精细化设计,如鼓励多孩和大家庭、男性产假等。
[Abstract]:Among the existing policies to encourage fertility, the cash subsidy policy has the characteristics of simple operation, direct effect and clear direction, and has a positive effect on the encouragement of fertility, and the effect of its implementation is subject to the degree of subsidy. Factors such as parents' education level and family income, the time of implementation of preferential tax policy is relatively late, the operation is complex, the adjustment is fine, but its function has not yet reached the conclusion of consistency, and the effect of the implementation is affected by the age of women of childbearing age. Factors such as educational level and family income level; maternity leave policy, with its broad coverage, long history and well-established system, has a positive effect on encouraging fertility, but it has less effect, and its implementation effect is affected by family income. Female labor supply and other factors. The international experience that can be used for reference includes: increasing policy support and early intervention are more likely to produce results; in the choice of intervention policies, the cash subsidy policy can precede the tax policy, and the maternity leave system can be used as a supplement. Coordinate policies; elaborate policies, such as encouraging multiple children and extended families, male maternity leave, etc.
【作者单位】： 北京师范大学政府管理学院;
【基金】：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助(310422103)
【分类号】：C924.2
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本文编号：1848343