日本人口老龄化背景下的养老金制度改革

发布时间：2018-05-12 07:29

本文选题：日本 + 老龄化　；参考：《吉林大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】： 随着人口年龄结构的变化,已经出现了全球性人口老龄化趋势。尽管人口老龄化的程度在发达国家和发展中国家以及不同区域之间存在较大的差异,但今后世界人口面临迅速而普遍的老龄化将成为一种趋势。人口老龄化问题,是一个新的人口问题,并将成为制约未来经济和社会发展的重要因素。对人口老龄化问题的研究,无论是在全球范围还是在局部范围都将具有越来越重要的意义。因此,研究解决这一问题的对策,借鉴发达国家在人口老龄化、养老保险方面的经验教训,对于正在出现人口老龄化问题的我国来说,在改革养老保险制度、制定人口老龄化对策方面既可以避免走弯路又是大有益处的。日本早在20世纪60年代初就已建立了“国民皆保险、国民皆年金”的格局,并且经过多年改革,养老保险制度日趋完善。但是,随着少子老龄化等人口结构的变化,年金财政收支也遇到了很大困难。如何解决年金给付与负担的矛盾,实现年金收支帐户平衡,成了日本政府面临的重要课题之一。为了避免危机的发生,构建长期的、稳定的社会福利制度,日本政府对现行制度和法律所进行的改革和探索,也为我国构建社会保险制度提供了宝贵的经验和教训。
[Abstract]:With the change of population age structure, there has been a global trend of population aging. Although there are great differences in the degree of population aging between developed and developing countries and different regions, it will be a trend for the world population to face a rapid and universal aging in the future. Population aging is a new population problem and will be an important factor restricting future economic and social development. The study of population aging will be of more and more importance in both global and local areas. Therefore, to study the countermeasures to solve this problem, to learn from the experience and lessons of the developed countries in the aspects of population aging and old-age insurance, and to reform the old-age insurance system for our country, where the problem of population aging is emerging, Formulating a population aging response can avoid detours and are beneficial. As early as 1960s, Japan has established the pattern of "national insurance, national annuity", and after many years of reform, the old-age insurance system is becoming more and more perfect. However, with the aging of minority children and other demographic changes, annuity financial revenue and expenditure also encountered great difficulties. How to solve the contradiction between annuity payment and burden and realize the balance of annuity income and expenditure account has become one of the important issues facing the Japanese government. In order to avoid the crisis and build a long-term and stable social welfare system, the reform and exploration of the current system and laws by the Japanese government have also provided valuable experience and lessons for the construction of the social insurance system in China.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：C924.24

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