安徽省出生人口性别比问题研究

发布时间：2018-06-03 21:25

本文选题：安徽省 + 出生人口性别比　；参考：《安徽大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】： 在出生率稳步下降的过程中,中国的出生人口性别比也开始从20世纪80年代末出现异常,并在以后的近30年中呈现出持续上升且居高不下的态势。出生人口性别比问题的不断严重引起了人们的广泛关注。为了平衡人口性别结构,保障人口安全和社会的良性运行,国内外专家、学者们从出生人口性别比偏高的特征、产生的原因、导致的后果、治理的办法等方面对中国出生人口性别比问题作了广泛而深入的研究。安徽省是全国首个发现出生人口性别比异常并提交相关报告的省份。从数次人口普查、抽查数据的分析资料来看,安徽省的出生人口性别比一直高于全国平均水平,甚至成为全国出生人口性别比最严重的少数几个省份之一。然而,现存的文献资料中关于安徽省出生人口性别比问题的研究却相对较少,仅有的相关研究也基本局限于小范围的状况描述,研究并不深入,视角较为单一,缺乏一定的系统性。因此,笔者希望通过对安徽省出生人口性别比问题的全面系统分析能够提出治理出生人口性别比异常偏高的有效对策。本研究从辩证唯物主义方法论出发,以安徽省为研究对象。在广泛借鉴国内外相关理论视角和研究成果的基础上,通过对文献中现存统计资料和笔者调查研究所得到的一手数据的分析,综合得出出生人口性别比问题的现状与特点；在经济学、社会学等多学科交叉理论的指导下,尝试从经济、文化、制度、政策、技术、管理等六大层面剖析出生人口性别比偏高的原因；以建设和谐社会为前提,分析出生人口性别比问题可能给安徽省带来的不良后果；通过对安徽省现行的治理出生人口性别比问题政策与措施的评估,及对湖南、山东两省治理出生人口性别比问题的先进经验的参考、借鉴,综合提出治理安徽省出生人口性别比偏高的措施和方法。研究结果表明：出生人口性别比持续偏高是威胁安徽省人口安全的重要因素之一。经过十余年的大力治理,出生人口性别比上升的势头基本得到遏制但仍在高位运行,形势较为严峻。具体表现为：城乡差异明显,出生人口性别比农村高于城市。而城市间差异也较大,出生人口性别比由南向北依次升高,淮河以北是问题最为严重的地区也是抬高安徽省出生人口性别比的绝对力量。孩次间也表现出了相当的规律性,出生人口性别比随着孩次的上升而迅速上升。较低的受教育程度与出生人口性别比的偏高密切相关；安徽省出生人口性别比偏高持续存在的原因主要包括两性效用的差异、社会保障的不完善、传统文化的承继性、现行生育政策的挤压、B超等医疗技术的滥用和计生监管的不到位；出生人口性别比偏高可能带来一系列不良影响,包括造成安徽省人口结构的失衡,男性婚姻的挤压,增加养老的复杂性,阻碍经济发展并影响女性社会地位的提高；治理对策笔者提倡从弱化男性偏好并加强监管力度出发,发展农村经济,加快城镇化进程步伐的同时,切实提高女性的社会地位,完善各项保障制度,以期取得较好的治理效果。
[Abstract]:In the course of the steady decline in birth rate, the sex ratio of the Chinese birth population began to appear abnormal from the end of the 1980s, and has shown a trend of continuous rising and high in the next 30 years. The gender ratio of the birth population has aroused widespread concern. The benign operation of security and society, experts at home and abroad, scholars have made extensive and in-depth studies on the gender ratio of the Chinese born population from the characteristics of the high sex ratio of the birth population, the causes of the birth, the consequences, and the methods of governance.
Anhui province is the first province in China to discover the abnormal sex ratio of the birth population and submit the related reports. From the census and the analysis of data, the sex ratio of the birth population in Anhui has been higher than the national average, even one of the few provinces with the most serious sex ratio of the national population. There are relatively few studies on the sex ratio of the birth population in Anhui province. The only related research is limited to the small scope of the situation description. The study is not thorough, the perspective is relatively simple and lack of a certain systematicness. Therefore, the author hopes to make a comprehensive and systematic analysis of the gender ratio of the birth population in Anhui province. It can provide effective countermeasures to control the abnormal sex ratio of the birth population.
This study is based on the dialectical materialism methodology, taking Anhui as the research object. On the basis of extensive reference to the relevant theoretical perspectives and research results, the present situation and characteristics of the gender ratio of the birth population are obtained through the analysis of the data obtained from the existing statistical data and the author's investigation and research. Under the guidance of the multidisciplinary theory of economics and sociology, we try to analyze the reasons for the higher sex ratio of the birth population from six aspects, such as economy, culture, system, policy, technology and management. On the premise of building a harmonious society, this paper analyzes the adverse consequences that the sex ratio of the birth population may bring to Anhui province; through the current Anhui Province To evaluate the policy and measures of the sex ratio of the birth population, and to refer to the advanced experience of the two provinces in Hunan and Shandong to control the sex ratio of the birth population, and to put forward the measures and methods to control the higher sex ratio of the birth population in Anhui.
The results show that the higher sex ratio of the birth population is one of the important factors that threaten the population safety of Anhui province. After more than ten years of vigorous governance, the rising trend of the sex ratio of the birth population is basically restrained but still in high position, the situation is more severe. The specific performance is that the difference between urban and rural areas is obvious and the sex of the birth population is higher than the rural area. In the city, the difference between the cities is also larger, the sex ratio of the birth population is increased from south to north, and the most serious area in Huaihe is the absolute power to raise the sex ratio of the birth population in Anhui province. The sex ratio of the children is also quite regular, and the sex ratio of the birth population rises rapidly with the rise of the child. The degree of education is closely related to the high sex ratio of the birth population; the reasons for the high gender ratio of the birth population in Anhui include the difference in gender utility, the imperfection of the social security, the inheritance of traditional culture, the extrusion of the current birth policy, the abuse of the B-mode medical techniques and the inadequate supervision of the birth control; the birth population. The high gender ratio may bring a series of adverse effects, including the imbalance of the population structure in Anhui, the extrusion of men's marriage, the complexity of the old age, the hindrance of economic development and the improvement of the social status of women. The author advocates the development of the rural economy and quicken the city by weakening the male preference and strengthening the supervision. At the same time of urbanization, we should effectively improve women's social status and improve various safeguard systems in order to achieve better governance results.
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：C924.21

【引证文献】