高龄化にょる日本经济への影响と中国の对应への示唆

发布时间：2018-07-09 16:55

本文选题：日本的高龄化 + 影响　；参考：《内蒙古大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：日本是世界上高龄化发展进程最快的国家之一,据预测在2025年日本将进入超高龄社会,到时,日本人口中每四个人里面便有一个人是65岁以上。中国是在1999年进入高龄化社会(当时中国人口中65岁以上的老年人占总人口的比重是8.2%),至今已经十几年了。中国是发展中国家中第一个步入高龄化社会的国家。中日两国虽然在经济发展水平上有所不同,但两个在人口年龄构造方面却有着许多相似的地方。通过分析可以发现,中日两国的相似点表现在以下几个方圆：一,两国的高龄化都表现为出生率的持续下降以及平均寿命的大幅延长。二,两国在人口年龄结构变动中,都经历了生产年龄人口在总人口中所占比率较高,抚养率较低的“黄金年龄构成”时期。三,中日两国在高龄化的进程中都表现出人口的高龄化程度高,速度快等特征。(高龄人口在总人口中所占的比率从7%到14%只用了仅仅三十年时间,而西方发达国家经历这一过程少则30、40年,多则需要50、60年以上) 因为有以上几项共同点,本文在前人研究的基础上,运用人口学、经济学的理论,搜集大量最新数据,论证了人口老龄化对日本劳动力供给及企业雇佣体制、社会保障制度、劳动年龄人口负担,产业结构调整以及日本内需型主导战略等方面的产生的不良影响,可以通过采取相应的政策措施,使之减少或消除。以此为基础,本文对我国如何应对人口老龄化,提出了一些针对性的建议和设想。
[Abstract]:Japan is one of the fastest aging countries in the world. It is predicted that Japan will enter an advanced age society in 2025, when one out of every four people in the Japanese population will be over 65 years old. China entered an aging society in 1999, when the proportion of the population aged 65 and above was 8.2% of the total population, and it has been for more than a decade. China is the first developing country to step into an aging society. Although China and Japan have different levels of economic development, the two countries have many similarities in terms of population age structure. Through analysis, we can find that the similarities between China and Japan can be seen in the following aspects: first, the aging of the two countries is characterized by a continuous decline in the birth rate and a substantial increase in the average life expectancy. Second, the two countries have experienced a period of "golden age composition" in which the proportion of the population of productive age in the total population is higher and the dependency ratio is lower in the changing age structure of the population. Third, in the process of aging, both China and Japan have the characteristics of high population aging and high speed. (the proportion of older people in the total population ranges from 7% to 14% in only 30 years, compared with 30, 40, or more than 50, 60 years in the western developed world.) because there are several things in common. On the basis of previous studies, this paper uses the theories of demography and economics to collect a large number of latest data, and proves that the aging of the population affects the supply of Japanese labor force, the employment system of enterprises, the social security system, and the burden of working-age population. The negative effects of the adjustment of industrial structure and the leading strategy of domestic demand in Japan can be reduced or eliminated by adopting corresponding policy measures. On the basis of this, this paper puts forward some suggestions and ideas on how to deal with the aging of the population in China.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：C924.313;C924.24

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