1980年代我国生育意愿对生育政策的影响分析

发布时间：2018-07-16 12:53

【摘要】：1980年代是我国实行计划生育的年代,不管是城市还是农村,全国的育龄夫妇都受到深刻的影响。自80年代实行“独生子女”生育政策以来,我国的人口控制取得了有效的成就,稳定了低生育水平,缓解了人口与资源环境许多矛盾,推动了国家和社会经济的发展和进步。国家制定的生育政策与广大群众生育意愿之间的差距一直是我国计划生育工作的主要矛盾。人口生育政策的实施经过30多年的艰苦努力,民众的生育意愿和生育行为发生了重大的变化,妇女总和生育率从20世纪70年代初的5.8下降到目前的1.8左右。本文主要以“生育意愿”作为衡量我国80年代民众生育意愿与国家政策之间矛盾的指标,把调查生育意愿的数据对一定时期的生育水平进行研究具有一定的意义。世界上许多发达国家的实践经验充分说明,一个国家人口的多与少与本国社会经济的发展没有直接的关系。我国二十世纪八十年代实行的人口生育政策促使了人口出生率的下降,控制了人口数量过快增长,在一定程度上转变了人们的生育观念和生育价值取向,取得了预期的人口效益。但是,在我国实行计划生育取得巨大成绩的同时也引发了诸多社会问题。因此,对我国80年代生育政策历史演变以及未来生育政策展望的研究具有极其重要的意义。
[Abstract]:The 1980's was the year of family planning in China. Both urban and rural areas, couples of childbearing age were deeply affected. Since the implementation of the "one-child" fertility policy in the 1980s, China's population control has made effective achievements, stabilized the low fertility level, alleviated many contradictions between population and resources and environment, and promoted the development and progress of the country and social economy. The gap between the national fertility policy and the fertility will of the masses has always been the main contradiction of family planning work in China. After more than 30 years of hard work, people's fertility will and behavior have changed greatly, and the total fertility rate of women has decreased from 5.8 in the early 1970s to 1.8 at present. This paper mainly takes "fertility intention" as the index to measure the contradiction between the people's fertility will and the national policy in the 1980s. It is of certain significance to study the fertility level in a certain period of time by investigating the data of fertility intention. The practical experience of many developed countries in the world shows that there is no direct relationship between the population of a country and its social and economic development. In the 1980s, China's fertility policy promoted the decline of the birth rate, controlled the rapid growth of the population, and to a certain extent changed people's fertility concept and fertility value orientation. The expected population benefits have been achieved. However, the implementation of family planning in China has made great achievements, but also caused many social problems. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the historical evolution of fertility policy in 1980's and the prospect of fertility policy in the future.
【学位授予单位】：河北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：C924.21

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