人口老龄化与养老保险制度改革研究

发布时间：2018-07-29 21:15

【摘要】：伴随着全球性人口老龄化时代的到来，，人口老龄化正广泛而深刻地影响着人类经济社会生活的各个方面，成为世界各国政府高度重视的问题。人口老龄化意味着经济资源越来越多的向老年人转移、进行社会再生产活动的劳动力供给减少、工资上涨和政府财政负担加重，这将对人类经济社会发展、政治决策和文化建设等各个方面产生重大影响。目前，世界人口老龄化主要有四大特点：人口老龄化范围变广、程度加深且速度加快；老年人贫困问题日趋严重；人口老龄化城乡差距明显以及老年人社会排斥现象普遍。人口老龄化造成的挑战表现在劳动力供给减少、经济增长减缓以及对养老保险制度和医疗卫生体制的巨大冲击上。对中国而言，由于经济发展程度低、制度供给不足、人口基数大以及有限的财政收入等影响，面临的挑战更大。毫无疑问，人口老龄化对养老保险制度的影响是深远的。养老保险制度作为一项构建社会安全网的重要制度框架，发挥着为老年人提供生活保障的神圣使命。从世界各国养老保险制度改革的实践看，其基本趋势是政府与市场关于老年人养老责任的重新分担问题，逐渐搭建起政府、企业和个人在内的三元养老保险体系，从而分散风险、化解财务危机，并在一定程度上提高制度吸引力和激励性，实现自我保障与公共保障的有机结合。我国城镇职工基本养老保险制度一直担任着为退休老年城镇职工提供基本养老金的重大责任，运行多年以来，取得了一定成就，但也存在许多问题，如统筹层次太低、地区失衡以及个人账户空转等。针对以上问题，笔者提出了完善城镇职工基本养老保险制度的若政策建议，如提高城镇职工基本养老保险的统筹层次、加快机关事业单位的基本养老保险制度改革以及进一步扩大城镇职工基本养老保险制度覆盖面等。
[Abstract]:With the arrival of the global population aging era, the aging of the population is widely and profoundly affecting all aspects of human economic and social life, and has become a problem that the governments of the world attach great importance to. The aging of the population means that more and more economic resources are being transferred to the elderly, that the supply of labour for social reproduction activities will be reduced, wages will rise and the financial burden of the government will be increased, which will contribute to the economic and social development of human beings. Political decision-making and cultural construction have had a major impact on all aspects. At present, the aging of the world population has four main characteristics: the range of population aging is becoming wider, the degree is deepening and the speed is accelerating; the problem of poverty among the elderly is becoming more and more serious; the gap between urban and rural population aging is obvious and the social exclusion of the elderly is widespread. The challenges posed by an ageing population include a shrinking supply of labour, a slowdown in economic growth and a huge impact on the pension and health systems. For China, the challenges are even greater due to its low level of economic development, inadequate institutional supply, large population base and limited fiscal revenue. There is no doubt that the impact of an ageing population on the pension system is profound. As an important institutional framework of constructing social safety net, the old-age insurance system plays the sacred mission of providing life security for the elderly. From the practice of old-age insurance system reform in various countries in the world, the basic trend is that the government and the market share the old people's old-age responsibility again, and gradually set up a ternary pension insurance system, which includes government, enterprises and individuals. In order to spread the risk, resolve the financial crisis, and to a certain extent improve the attraction and incentive of the system, realize the organic combination of self-protection and public security. The basic old-age insurance system for urban workers in China has been a major responsibility for providing basic pension for retired urban workers. After many years of operation, some achievements have been made, but there are also many problems, such as too low overall planning level. Regional imbalances and individual accounts idle and so on. In view of the above problems, the author puts forward some suggestions on how to perfect the basic old-age insurance system for urban workers, such as raising the overall planning level of the basic old-age insurance for urban workers. We will speed up the reform of the basic old-age insurance system in government institutions and further expand the coverage of the basic old-age insurance system for urban workers.
【学位授予单位】：西北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F842.67;C924.2

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