北极地区人口与经济发展研究

发布时间：2018-08-03 17:50

【摘要】：现阶段,北极地区以丰富自然资源、便捷的航道和重要的军事战略位置成为国际关注的焦点。由于气候变暖,蕴藏的自然资源被开发利用和北极航道通航正成为可能。无论是在地理位置还是对资源的需求,我国都是北极地区的“利益攸关国”,研究北极、认识北极、利用北极对我国未来的发展具有重大意义。本文将北极地区作为一个整体,以8个环北极国家共29个行政区为研究范围,利用各国2006年至2015年的官方统计数据,对北极地区资源、人口数量、生育率、死亡率、预期寿命、死亡原因、年龄结构、性别结构、人口迁移、经济状况、产业结构、劳动力状况等不同侧面,进行了广泛的研究与分析。人口方面,各国北极地区在人口分布、人口密度、人口结构、人口变化趋势等方面与非北极地区存在较大差异,人口老龄化和人口迁移是两个最为重要的问题。俄罗斯北极地区的老龄化程度较轻,北美次之,欧洲最为严重。在人口迁移方面,俄罗斯北极地区人口迁出现象较为严重,但近年来迁出有所放缓。经济方面,各国北极地区的地区生产总值(GDPR)贡献小,人口失业率高。大部分北极行政区以第一、第二产业作为支柱产业的不合理结构得到一定的改善,但未发生实质性的转变。批发和零售业、房地产业、运输业仓储业在服务业中保持了较高的比重,部分地区旅游业的比重也有所上升。在卫生和社会工作方面各行政区的比重均有不同程度的提升。为实现北极地区人口、资源与环境的协调发展,结合本文研究结果,笔者提出以下对策建议:一是加强对北极地区研究、科学考察和研发力度;二是鼓励非北极国家参与北极开发与保护;三是加强对北极地区专业技术人员的培养;四是大力发展港口城市建设、完善港口区位条件;五是构建多元产业结构体系;六是重视土著人口生存环境,鼓励土著人口参与到北极开发的进程中。
[Abstract]:At present, the Arctic region has become the focus of international attention with rich natural resources, convenient waterway and important military strategic position. As a result of the warming climate, the exploitation and utilization of natural resources and navigation of Arctic waterways are becoming possible. China is a "stakeholder" in the Arctic region, regardless of its geographical location or the demand for resources. It is of great significance to study the Arctic, understand the Arctic, and make use of the Arctic for the future development of our country. This paper takes the Arctic region as a whole and uses the official statistics from 2006 to 2015 to study the resources, population, fertility, mortality, life expectancy of the Arctic region, taking 29 administrative regions of 8 circumpolar countries as the research area. The causes of death, age structure, sex structure, population migration, economic status, industrial structure, labor force status and other aspects have been widely studied and analyzed. In terms of population distribution, population density, population structure and population change trend, there are great differences between Arctic and non-arctic regions. Population aging and population migration are the two most important issues. Russia's Arctic is less ageing, followed by North America and Europe. In terms of population migration, the phenomenon of population emigration from the Russian Arctic region is more serious, but in recent years the emigration has slowed. On the economic side, the Arctic region of each country's (GDPR) contribution is small, the population unemployment rate is high. The irrational structure of primary and secondary industries as pillar industries in most Arctic administrative regions has been improved to some extent, but no substantial changes have taken place. Wholesale and retail, real estate, transportation, warehousing industry in the service industry maintained a higher proportion, some areas of tourism has also increased the proportion. The proportion of health and social work in the administrative regions has increased to varying degrees. In order to realize the harmonious development of population, resources and environment in the Arctic region, combined with the research results of this paper, the author puts forward the following countermeasures and suggestions: first, strengthen the research, scientific investigation and research and development of the Arctic region; Second, encourage non-Arctic countries to participate in Arctic development and protection; third, strengthen the training of professional and technical personnel in the Arctic region; fourth, vigorously develop port city construction and improve port location conditions; fifth, build a diversified industrial structure system; Sixth, pay attention to the living environment of indigenous people and encourage them to participate in the process of Arctic development.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F113;C922

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