新中国少数民族人口政策发展研究
发布时间：2018-10-04 19:15
【摘要】：我国是一个统一的多民族国家，除汉族外，还有55个少数民族。中华人民共和国成立以来，少数民族地区的社会经济发展得到了国家以及各级政府的高度重视，民族地区的和谐发展是整个国家经济发展和社会进步的重要组成部分。新中国建立后，，特别是改革开放后，我国少数民族地区的社会经济发展取得了令人瞩目的成就，不仅社会经济得到迅速发展，而且民族地区的人均生活水平也得到了明显提高。但少数民族地区的人口问题却伴随着社会经济的发展日益凸显，正成为严重制约民族地区发展和进步的主要因素之一，并直接影响到区域乃至全国全面建设小康和构建社会主义和谐社会的进程。因此，全面、深入地研究少数民族的人口政策，探讨解决民族地区的人口问题，为民族地区的和谐发展提供良好的人口环境，已经成为目前促进民族地区经济社会发展的重大现实问题。本论文主要从以下几个方面对新中国少数民族人口政策的发展进行研究。 第一部分，对新中国少数民族人口政策的理论基础与现实依据进行介绍，并运用我国历次人口普查数据资料对我国少数民族人口发展状况进行分析，得出：（1）我国少数民族人口过快增长的势头得到有效控制；（2）少数民族人口素质有了显著提高，但整体水平还比较低；（3）少数民族人口结构问题日渐凸显：年龄结构方面，老龄化问题开始出现，并且少年儿童抚养比较高；性别结构方面，绝大多数少数民族地区总人口性别比都比同期全国平均水平高，各地应高度重视；就业结构方面，第一产业就业数量优势明显，第二产业就业人口数量最少，第三产业就业不足，属于“哑铃型”产业结构；（4）少数民族人口与经济发展、生态环境之间的矛盾突出；（5）少数民族宗教习俗对其人口发展的影响不可忽视。 第二部分，对新中国少数民族人口政策的发展历程进行梳理，并把新中国少数民族人口政策的发展分成三个时期：一是积极推行人口兴旺政策时期，二是酝酿开展计划生育政策时期，三是正式实施计划生育政策时期。 第三部分，对新中国少数民族人口政策的成就、特点、经验进行概括总结，为进一步研究少数民族人口政策提供参考。 第四部分，从少数民族人口政策主体与客体的角度，对新中国少数民族人口政策制定与执行中存在的困难进行研究，认为我国少数民族人口政策在制定方面存在的主要问题有：政策目标不明确，决策民主化程度欠缺，奖励扶助政策不完善等；在政策执行方面存在的主要问题有：执行理念存在偏差，综合治理机制不健全，基层基础工作比较薄弱等。 第五部分，针对新中国少数民族人口政策制定与执行中存在的问题，提出进一步完善我国少数民族人口政策的建议。 最后，对论文进行总结，指出论文研究取得的成果与存在的问题。
[Abstract]:China is a unified multi-ethnic country, in addition to the Han nationality, there are 55 ethnic minorities. Since the founding of the people's Republic of China, the social and economic development of ethnic minority areas has been highly valued by the state and governments at all levels. The harmonious development of minority areas is an important part of the economic development and social progress of the whole country. After the founding of New China, especially after the reform and opening up, the social and economic development of minority areas in China has made remarkable achievements. Not only the social economy has been developed rapidly, but also the average living standard of the ethnic areas has been obviously improved. However, the population problem in ethnic minority areas is becoming increasingly prominent with the development of social economy, which is becoming one of the main factors restricting the development and progress of ethnic minority areas. It directly affects the process of building a well-off society and building a harmonious socialist society in an all-round way in the region and even in the whole country. Therefore, we should comprehensively and deeply study the population policies of ethnic minorities, explore and solve the population problems in minority areas, and provide a good population environment for the harmonious development of ethnic areas. At present, it has become an important practical problem to promote the economic and social development in ethnic areas. This paper mainly studies the development of the population policy of the ethnic minorities in New China from the following aspects. The first part introduces the theoretical and practical basis of the population policy of ethnic minorities in New China, and analyzes the development of the ethnic minority population in China by using the data of the past censuses. The conclusions are as follows: (1) the tendency of rapid growth of ethnic population in China has been effectively controlled; (2) the quality of ethnic population has been significantly improved, but the overall level is still relatively low; (3) the problem of ethnic population structure is becoming increasingly prominent: the age structure, The problem of ageing is beginning to emerge, and the raising of children and adolescents is relatively high; in terms of gender structure, the sex ratio of the total population in the vast majority of ethnic minority areas is higher than the national average for the same period, and all localities should attach great importance to it. In terms of employment structure, The primary industry has obvious advantage in employment, the second industry has the least number of employed population, and the tertiary industry is underemployed, which belongs to the "dumbbell-shaped" industrial structure; (4) the contradiction between the population of ethnic minorities and economic development and the ecological environment is prominent. (5) the influence of religious customs of ethnic minorities on their population development should not be ignored. In the second part, the author combs the development course of the new Chinese minority population policy, and divides the development of the new Chinese minority population policy into three periods: first, actively promoting the population prosperity policy period, The second is the development of family planning policy period, the third is the formal implementation of family planning policy period. The third part summarizes the achievements, characteristics and experiences of the ethnic minority population policy in New China, and provides a reference for further research on the minority population policy. The fourth part, from the point of view of the subject and object of minority population policy, studies the difficulties existing in the formulation and implementation of the new Chinese minority population policy. The main problems in the formulation of ethnic population policy in China are as follows: the policy objectives are not clear, the degree of democratization of decision-making is not enough, the policy of reward and support is not perfect, and so on; The main problems in policy implementation are: deviation of executive concept, imperfect comprehensive management mechanism, weak basic work and so on. The fifth part, in view of the new China minority population policy formulation and the implementation question, proposed the further consummation our country minority population policy proposal. Finally, the thesis is summarized, and the achievements and problems are pointed out.
【学位授予单位】：青海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：C924.21
本文编号：2251547
[Abstract]:China is a unified multi-ethnic country, in addition to the Han nationality, there are 55 ethnic minorities. Since the founding of the people's Republic of China, the social and economic development of ethnic minority areas has been highly valued by the state and governments at all levels. The harmonious development of minority areas is an important part of the economic development and social progress of the whole country. After the founding of New China, especially after the reform and opening up, the social and economic development of minority areas in China has made remarkable achievements. Not only the social economy has been developed rapidly, but also the average living standard of the ethnic areas has been obviously improved. However, the population problem in ethnic minority areas is becoming increasingly prominent with the development of social economy, which is becoming one of the main factors restricting the development and progress of ethnic minority areas. It directly affects the process of building a well-off society and building a harmonious socialist society in an all-round way in the region and even in the whole country. Therefore, we should comprehensively and deeply study the population policies of ethnic minorities, explore and solve the population problems in minority areas, and provide a good population environment for the harmonious development of ethnic areas. At present, it has become an important practical problem to promote the economic and social development in ethnic areas. This paper mainly studies the development of the population policy of the ethnic minorities in New China from the following aspects. The first part introduces the theoretical and practical basis of the population policy of ethnic minorities in New China, and analyzes the development of the ethnic minority population in China by using the data of the past censuses. The conclusions are as follows: (1) the tendency of rapid growth of ethnic population in China has been effectively controlled; (2) the quality of ethnic population has been significantly improved, but the overall level is still relatively low; (3) the problem of ethnic population structure is becoming increasingly prominent: the age structure, The problem of ageing is beginning to emerge, and the raising of children and adolescents is relatively high; in terms of gender structure, the sex ratio of the total population in the vast majority of ethnic minority areas is higher than the national average for the same period, and all localities should attach great importance to it. In terms of employment structure, The primary industry has obvious advantage in employment, the second industry has the least number of employed population, and the tertiary industry is underemployed, which belongs to the "dumbbell-shaped" industrial structure; (4) the contradiction between the population of ethnic minorities and economic development and the ecological environment is prominent. (5) the influence of religious customs of ethnic minorities on their population development should not be ignored. In the second part, the author combs the development course of the new Chinese minority population policy, and divides the development of the new Chinese minority population policy into three periods: first, actively promoting the population prosperity policy period, The second is the development of family planning policy period, the third is the formal implementation of family planning policy period. The third part summarizes the achievements, characteristics and experiences of the ethnic minority population policy in New China, and provides a reference for further research on the minority population policy. The fourth part, from the point of view of the subject and object of minority population policy, studies the difficulties existing in the formulation and implementation of the new Chinese minority population policy. The main problems in the formulation of ethnic population policy in China are as follows: the policy objectives are not clear, the degree of democratization of decision-making is not enough, the policy of reward and support is not perfect, and so on; The main problems in policy implementation are: deviation of executive concept, imperfect comprehensive management mechanism, weak basic work and so on. The fifth part, in view of the new China minority population policy formulation and the implementation question, proposed the further consummation our country minority population policy proposal. Finally, the thesis is summarized, and the achievements and problems are pointed out.
【学位授予单位】：青海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：C924.21
【参考文献】
相关硕士学位论文 前1条
1 杨灿;试论云南省少数民族地区人口政策的制度创新[D];中央民族大学;2008年
本文编号：2251547
本文链接：https://www.wllwen.com/shekelunwen/renkou/2251547.html
最近更新
教材专著
