中国人口的教育过度:水平、趋势与差异

发布时间：2018-12-08 15:27

【摘要】：教育过度是世界各国普遍存在的现象。但是对这一问题的研究主要是在发达国家,发展中国家的研究还不多。文章的目的是考察中国近20年来教育过度现象的趋势和差异。中国教育过度呈现不断增长趋势,从1990年的7.24%,到2000年的12.26%,再增加到2010年的28.16%,后十年的上升幅度大大超过前十年。不同群体的教育过度率也都呈现不断增长趋势,且差异不断扩大。北京、上海等大城市的教育过度率大大高于其他地区。中国教育过度的迅速增长,一个主要的原因是高校扩招政策的实施。各类中高等教育规模迅速扩张的后果之一就是导致高校毕业生的增长速度远远高于就业岗位的增加速度。在巨大的就业压力下,形成了很多从业人员教育程度远远高于工作所要求水平的"教育过度"现象。
[Abstract]:Overeducation is a universal phenomenon in the world. However, the research on this problem is mainly in developed countries, developing countries are not much research. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the trends and differences of the phenomenon of overeducation in China in the past 20 years. From 7.24% in 1990 to 12.26% in 2000, and then to 28.16% in 2010, the rate of increase in the last ten years is much higher than that in the previous decade. The educational transition rate of different groups also shows a growing trend, and the differences continue to expand. Big cities such as Beijing and Shanghai have much higher rates of overeducation than other regions. One of the main reasons for the rapid growth of education in China is the implementation of the enrollment expansion policy in colleges and universities. One of the consequences of the rapid expansion of the scale of higher education in various types is that the growth rate of college graduates is far higher than that of employment. Under the huge employment pressure, many employees' education level is far higher than the required level of work.
【作者单位】：北京城市学院公共管理学部;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金特别委托项目“新时期中国妇女社会地位调查研究”(10@ZH020) 中国人民大学科学研究基金(中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助)项目(10XNI013)资助
【分类号】：C924.24

【共引文献】