文本、仪式与认同:19世纪星马华人秘密社会组织研究

发布时间：2018-12-20 14:55

【摘要】：中国清代教门及会党组织名目繁多,彼此关系错综复杂,由于这些秘密社会组织不容于清政府,再加上历来以讹传讹的口述传抄,更难窥其全貌。其中的天地会及相关组织从18世纪流传迄今,分布范围更从华南地区、东南亚到北美。尤其是19世纪的星马华人社会,不仅会众人数可观,还与庙宇、书院、坟山等社团密不可分。本文指出,在不同的时空背景下,秘密社会组织有不同的表现方式或功能,但研究的关键应该是其凝聚会众的方式及集体意识的基础。透过戏曲、说书人等媒介传递,对世俗化"义"的观念及论述,正是会党形成的文化基础和凝聚会众的关键。"西鲁传说"文本既非反清复明的隐喻,也与天地会起源的事实无关,而是藉由兄弟血仇的叙事,结合会众情感与认同,而仪式则可视为建构"义"的观念、强化会众认同的重要过程。
[Abstract]:In the Qing Dynasty, there were many religious and party organizations in China, and the relationship between them was complicated. Because these secret social organizations were not allowed to be in the Qing government, it was even more difficult to get a glimpse of the whole picture of the secret social organizations in addition to the oral transcripts which had always been incorrectly passed on. These associations and related organizations have spread from the 18 th century to this day, from South China, Southeast Asia to North America. Especially in the 19 th century, the Chinese community not only had a large number of congregations, but also related to temples, academies, tombs, etc. This paper points out that secret social organizations have different ways of expression or functions under different space-time background, but the key of the research should be the way of congregation and the basis of collective consciousness. Through drama, storytellers and other media, the concept and exposition of secularization "righteousness" is the key to the formation of the Party's cultural foundation and the cohesion of the congregation. " The legend of Xilu "is neither a metaphor against Qing and Ming Dynasty, nor is it related to the fact of the origin of Heaven and Earth Society, but through the narration of blood feuds of brothers and blood, combining the feelings and identification of the congregation, while ritual can be regarded as the concept of constructing" righteousness ". Strengthen the important process of public approval.
【作者单位】：吉首大学历史与文化学院;
【分类号】：C92-09;K25;K27

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