职业女性二胎生育意愿的研究

发布时间：2019-01-19 21:17

【摘要】：长期以来,在独生子女政策的影响下,我国的生育水平不断降低,由此带来的人口老龄化问题也日益严重。为了缓解这一人口问题,我国政府不断调整生育政策,从2016年开始正式实施“全面放开二胎”政策。由于生育意愿是人们生育行为的超前变量,而生育行为又聚集为一个国家的生育水平。女性是生育行为的主要承担者,我国女性又具有持续地高就业率。因此,在我国“全面放开二胎”政策背景下,研究职业女性的二胎生育意愿及其影响因素具有重要的理论和实践意义。首先,本文运用国家人口普查、抽样调查的各种数据来阐述新中国成立以来我国生育率的变动趋势和女性受教育程度、职业状况、经济收入以及社会地位的变化轨迹,并分析它们之间的关系。研究结果表明女性受教育程度、职业、经济收入以及社会地位的变化对我国生育率下降产生重要影响。其次,笔者通过实证调查发现,职业女性的二胎生育意愿强烈,大部分职业女性的理想子女数是两个,而且性别偏好不明显。母亲的质量(包括收入水平、受教育程度和职业地位)对她们的二胎生育意愿有重要的影响。收入水平处于中等的职业女性平均生育意愿较高,而收入水平较低或者较高的女性生育意愿相对较低。受教育程度较低的职业女性,意愿生育的理想子女数量较多,生育二孩的可能性越大;而学历较高的职业女性生育意愿较低且比较稳定。女性所从事的职业类型、在职业中所处的地位以及对自身职业发展预期的不同也对其二胎生育意愿产生不同的影响。通常是女性的职业层级越高,二胎生育意愿越低。因此,从实证调查结果分析可以得出,职业女性中,母亲的质量越高,其二胎生育意愿越低。再次,笔者通过分析几位典型调查对象的案例总结出影响职业女性二胎生育意愿的具体因素,包括经济成本、社会政策、社会文化等方面。最后,笔者对职业女性二胎生育意愿的实证结果和研究规律进行了总结。
[Abstract]:For a long time, under the influence of the one-child policy, the fertility level of our country has been decreasing, and the aging of the population has become more and more serious. In order to alleviate this population problem, the Chinese government has constantly adjusted its fertility policy and officially implemented the policy of "fully liberalizing the second child" since 2016. Because fertility intention is the leading variable of people's reproductive behavior, and fertility behavior gathers to a country's fertility level. Women are the main bearers of reproductive behavior, and Chinese women have a sustained high employment rate. Therefore, it is of great theoretical and practical significance to study the working women's desire to have a second child and its influencing factors under the background of our country's policy of "opening up the second child in an all-round way". First of all, this paper uses various data from national census and sample survey to explain the changing trend of fertility rate and the changing track of women's education, occupation, economic income and social status since the founding of New China. And analyze the relationship between them. The results show that the changes of women's education, occupation, economic income and social status have an important impact on the decline of fertility rate in China. Secondly, the author finds that professional women have a strong desire to have a second child, most of them have two ideal children, and their gender preference is not obvious. The quality of mothers (including income, education and professional status) has an important impact on their willingness to have a second child. The average fertility willingness of women with middle income level was higher than that of women with lower income level or higher income level. The number of ideal children who want to have children is more and the possibility of having a second child is higher for the vocational women with lower education level, while the professional women with higher educational background have lower and more stable desire to have children. The type of occupation women are engaged in, their position in the profession and their expectations for their career development also have different effects on their willingness to have a second child. Usually, the higher the professional level of women, the lower their willingness to have a second child. Therefore, the higher the mother's quality, the lower her desire to have a second child. Thirdly, through the analysis of several typical cases, the author summarizes the specific factors that affect the willingness of working women to have a second child, including economic costs, social policies, social and cultural aspects. Finally, the author summarizes the empirical results and research rules of the working women's desire to have a second child.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：C924.21

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