傈僳族生育意愿与生育行为区域差异及其影响因素研究

发布时间：2019-02-23 10:49

【摘要】：生育是人类繁衍生息的必要条件，生育导致人口形势的不断变化，我国人口形势已经进入低生育率时代。事实上，自从20世纪70年代计划生育政策成为我国一项的基本国策以来，生育政策处于不断的微调和完善之中。2013年国家推出单独二胎政策，正是为了适应我国人口结构变化而做出的调整。生育意愿与生育行为是生育的重要组成部分，国内许多专家已经证实由于诸多因素的影响，生育意愿与生育行为之间存在差异，同一种民族的生育意愿与生育行为在不同区域也可能存在差异。本文旨在探寻同一民族在不同的空间区域里，其生育意愿、生育行为是否存在差异，如果存在差异，差异的程度怎么样，这种差异是由哪些因素导致及因素的影响程度如何。本人走访了怒江州福贡县架科底乡里吾底村和保山市腾冲县瑞滇镇水城村，通过问卷调差法收集第一手资料，，再运用统计分析软件对调查数据进行统计分析，结果表明两地的生育意愿、生育行为存在一定的差异，主要体现在意愿生育数量和性别、实际生育数量与性别上。同时运用入户进行深度访谈的方法，分析其生育意愿、生育行为存在区域差异的制度、经济、文化、区域开放程度及个人、家庭等因素。经过比较差异和挖掘导致差异的因素得出总体上两地的意愿生育水平高于实际生育水平，计划生育政策的调控作用有一定的有限性，政策的调控作用对一定区域（如里吾底村）更加明显；传统观念的影响比较突出；生育意愿的转变是一个阶段性的过程；经济发展状况的不同对两村生育意愿与生育行为的影响程度和方式不一样。要实现各个区域人口与资源、环境的协调，生育意愿、生育行为更加合理是其协调的基础，需使传统生育观向现代生育观转变，特定区域需生育意愿本质的转变，即将外在强制式的生育理念内化为自身的生育价值观。针对云南西部与西北部边境地区，加强经济发展、区域的开放程度和文化教育等是提高当地整体水平的基本途径。
[Abstract]:Fertility is a necessary condition for human reproduction. Fertility leads to continuous changes in population situation, and the population situation in China has entered the age of low fertility rate. In fact, since the family planning policy became a basic national policy in China in the 1970s, the fertility policy has been constantly being fine-tuned and perfected. It is in order to adapt to the changes in the demographic structure of our country to make adjustments. Fertility will and reproductive behavior are important parts of fertility. Many experts in China have confirmed that there are differences between fertility intentions and reproductive behaviors due to the influence of many factors. The fertility intention and behavior of the same ethnic group may also be different in different regions. The purpose of this paper is to find out whether there are differences in the fertility intentions and behaviors of the same people in different spatial regions, if there are differences, what are the degree of the differences, what factors lead to the differences and the degree of influence of the factors. I visited Liwu Di Village in Jiaokedi Township, Fugong County, Nujiang Prefecture, and Shuicheng Village in Ruidian Town, Tengchong County, Baoshan City. I collected first-hand information through the method of questionnaire adjustment, and then used statistical analysis software to carry out statistical analysis of the survey data. The results show that there are some differences in fertility intention and behavior between the two places, mainly in the number and sex of willing fertility, and in the actual number and sex of fertility. At the same time, using the method of in-depth interview, the author analyzes the factors such as fertility intention, system of regional difference in fertility behavior, economy, culture, regional openness, individual, family and so on. After comparing the differences and digging out the factors that lead to the differences, it is concluded that, on the whole, the level of willing fertility in both places is higher than the actual fertility level, and the regulatory role of the family planning policy is limited to a certain extent. The regulatory role of the policy is more obvious in certain areas (such as Liwudi Village); The influence of traditional idea is more prominent; the change of fertility intention is a stage process; the different economic development condition has different influence degree and way on fertility intention and behavior in two villages. In order to realize the coordination of population and resources, environment, fertility will and fertility behavior in different regions, it is necessary to change the traditional conception of fertility to the modern view of fertility, and to change the essence of fertility will in a specific region. Outside the concept of forced fertility internalized into their own fertility values. In view of the border area between the west and northwest of Yunnan, strengthening the economic development, the opening degree of the region and the culture and education are the basic ways to improve the whole level of the area.
【学位授予单位】：云南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：C924.2

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