基于乡镇尺度的河南省人口分布格局及其影响因素分析（2000-2010年）

发布时间：2019-03-01 15:46

【摘要】：人口分布的研究有利于理解特定时空背景下的人地关系,同时也为探讨人与环境之间的关系奠定了基础。本论文基于一系列的空间统计和地统计学分析方法,以乡镇层面的2000年和2010年两期人口普查数据为基础,对河南省人口的时空分布格局及其影响因素进行了分析。缩小分析单元的空间尺度能有效降低人口分布在空间上的平均化趋向,更精细地表现人口空间分布。相对地市级和县区级两个空间尺度,乡镇尺度在研究河南省人口分布时具有明显的优势;2000年和2010年,河南省静态的人口分布具有以下特征:1)该省的人口分布基本上可划分为山区低密度、平原中密度和城市高密度3种类型;2)河南省的乡镇人口密度存在正向空间自相关性;3)‘高-高’区域主要为平原地区的大、中、小城市的市区和一些靠近市区的县区和少数乡镇,呈现为小范围的紧凑型斑块;‘低-低’区域主要分布在山区和平原的偏僻乡镇,表现为大范围的片状形态;‘低-高’区域主要围绕市区或县区分布,为环状或半环状结构;‘高-低’区域主要为县区,多为离散的点状形态;4)在75km的距离以内,变异函数在东西、南北、东北-西南和西北-东南四个方向上趋向相似,超过75km后,变异函数的各向异性增强;5)基于9km为初始步长的指数变异函数模型对河南省乡镇人口进行空间插值,其结果直观地表现了该省人口疏密的梯度变化及分布形状;6)洛阳至淮滨一线有一条由西北-东南向的人口密度分界线,分界线的东北部人口稠密,西南部人口稀疏,它表现了河南省人口分布的宏观格局。2000-2010年,河南省乡镇人口分布的动态变化特征如下:1)平原城市高密度区人口更加稠密,山区低密度区人口更加稀疏,平原农村中密度区的人口变化相对稳定。2)县区内部的常住人口和人口密度变化量的空间格局基本可分为4大类:第一,市区或县区的核心区(街道或城关镇)为人口增长高值点,人口增长量由内向外呈阶梯状减少;第二,只有市区或县区的核心区的人口为正增长,其他乡镇人口数量均为负增长;第三,市区或县区的核心区外围乡镇单元的人口大幅度减少;第四,市区或县区的核心区人口减少,其周围乡镇人口相对增加。3)豫中、豫北平原地区和南阳盆地的人口增长速度为正,形成人口集聚区;豫西、豫南和豫西北山区以及豫东平原大部,人口增长速度为负,形成人口流散区;平原和盆地的农村地区人口变化速度相对比较平缓。4)市辖区的人口增长速度最快;市辖区外围乡镇的人口或快速增加或大幅减少;远离市辖区的偏远乡镇人口降低速度平缓。基本可从三个空间层面上对影响人口分布的因素进行探究:一、全球尺度上来看,存在着适合和不适合人类生存的两种环境;二、在适合人类生存的区域,人口分布的疏密取决于土地承载力,平原较山地具有更高的承载力,平原人口密集,山区人口稀疏;三、平原地区,区域间的社会经济文化等差异,尤其是城乡之间的差距,导致人口进一步向城镇集聚。
[Abstract]:The study of population distribution is beneficial to understanding the relationship between people in a particular time and space, and also lays a foundation for exploring the relationship between human and environment. Based on a series of spatial statistics and geostatistical analysis methods, the spatial-temporal distribution pattern of the population in Henan province and its influencing factors are analyzed based on the data of the 2000 and 2010 census data in the township level. The spatial scale of the reduced analysis unit can effectively reduce the average tendency of the population distribution in the space and show the spatial distribution of the population more finely. The population distribution in Henan province has the following characteristics in 2000 and 2010:1) The population distribution in the province can be divided into low-density in the mountainous area. there are three types of medium density and high density in the plain;2) there is a positive spatial self-correlation in the population density of the towns in Henan Province;3) the high-high 'area is mainly the large, middle and small cities of the plain area and some counties and small towns close to the urban areas, a small-scale compact plaque; the low-low 'region is mainly distributed in remote villages and towns in the mountain and the plain, and is characterized by a large-scale sheet-like form; the low-low-high' region is mainly distributed around the urban or county region, and is an annular or semi-annular structure; and the high-low 'region is mainly a county region, The variation function is similar in the four directions of east-west, north-south, northeast-southwest and northwest-southeast, and the anisotropy of the variation function is enhanced after more than 75km. 5) The index variation function model based on 9km is the initial step size, and the spatial interpolation is carried out on the population of the town and town of Henan province, the result shows the gradient change and the distribution shape of the population density in the province, and 6) the first line of the Luoyang to the Huaibin has a boundary line of the population density from the northwest to the southeast, The northeast of the dividing line is densely populated and the south-west population is sparse, and it shows the macro-structure of the population distribution in Henan Province. The dynamic changes of the population distribution in the villages and towns in Henan Province from 2000 to 2010 are as follows:1) The population of the high-density area in the plain is more dense, and the population of the low-density area in the mountainous area is more sparse, the population change in the middle-density area of the plain is relatively stable. The spatial pattern of the change of the resident population and the population density in the county area can be divided into four main categories: first, the core area of the urban or county area (the street or the town-closed town) is the high-value point of the population growth, the population growth amount is stepped down from inside to outside; secondly, only the population of the core area of the urban area or the county area is positive growth, and the population of the other towns is negative; the population of the peripheral township units in the core area of the third, urban or county areas is greatly reduced; and fourthly, The population of the core area of the urban or county area is reduced, and the population of the surrounding towns is relatively increased.3) The population growth rate of the north and the south of the Henan and the North and the south of the Henan Province is positive, and the population concentration area is formed; and the population growth rate is negative in the north and south of the Henan and the north of the Henan and the north of the Henan plain. The population distribution area is formed; the population change rate in the rural areas of the plain and the basin is relatively gentle. (4) The population growth rate of the municipal district is the fastest; the population of the peripheral villages and towns in the municipal district is rapidly increased or greatly reduced; and the population of the remote villages and towns away from the municipal district is low in speed. The factors that affect the distribution of the population can be explored from three spatial levels: one, on the global scale, there are two environments that are suitable and not suitable for human survival; secondly, in the region that is suitable for human survival, the density of the population distribution is determined by the land bearing capacity, The mountainous area of the plain has higher bearing capacity, the population of the plain is dense, the population of the mountainous area is sparse, the difference of the social and economic culture between the three, the plain and the region, especially the gap between the urban and rural areas, leads to the further agglomeration of the population to the town.
【学位授予单位】：兰州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：C924.2

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