宋代襄阳和樊城的历史地理研究

发布时间：2018-01-22 23:14

本文关键词： 襄阳樊城城市地理军事地位城市格局　出处：《东北师范大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：两宋时期的襄阳和樊城,位于汉江中游,两城夹汉江而立,南为襄阳,北为樊城。襄阳和樊城,地理位置独特,自古以来就是军事重镇。两宋时期,民族矛盾突出,民族之间战乱频繁,襄阳和樊城长期位于政权交界地带,军事地位凸显,成为战争前线,在宋金、宋蒙(元)对峙中,发挥着决定南宋朝廷生死存亡的巨大作用。在这样的时代背景之下,襄阳和樊城的人口、经济、城市格局发生了巨大的变化。两宋时期,襄、樊地区的人口发生过三次比较大的变动。北宋时期,襄阳和樊城社会局势稳定,人口平稳快速增长,迁入人口比例增多;靖康之乱后,受宋金战争影响,北方人口大量南迁,进入襄阳和樊城地区,而襄、樊土著居民则大量南迁进入荆湖南路甚至两广地区;宋蒙对峙时期,移民浪潮加剧,襄、樊人口外迁加剧,襄樊保卫战后,基本成为空城。北宋时期,襄阳和樊城处于比较和平稳定的局势之中,而且襄阳和樊城临近汉水,雨水充足,水利设施也比较齐全,农业、手工业、商业都呈现良性发展态势;南宋时期,气温降低,水稻种植面积缩小,宋金战争爆发之后,襄阳长期处在战火之中,农业生产遭到严重破坏,手工业和商业也遭到一定程度的破坏,但是,在一定程度上也促进了某些行业战时经济的发展,例如造船业、商业等。襄阳和樊城位于南北方过渡地带,有“天下之中”、“九省通衢”之称,水陆兼济,是交通工具“南船北马”的交界。以襄阳为起点向北可沿南襄隘道到达南阳,向西沿上津路直通长安,向南荆襄陆路和水路兼济,向西沿汉襄道直入鄂州,四通八达的交通网为襄、樊的发展提供了重要条件,特别是在战争期间,为运送战略物资提供了有利保障。因其独特的地理位置和便利的交通网,宋金、宋蒙多次在此发生激烈争夺。宋金“绍兴和议”后,襄、樊成为宋金对峙前线,南宋岳飞、吴拱、赵淳等将领都曾率军在此戍守,加强两城军事战略部署,利用该地有利的地形地势进行抵抗,多次打退金军入侵。金亡之后,宋蒙对峙,蒙古也将襄、樊作为进攻南宋的突破口,针对襄阳城高池深的特点进行持久围困战,南宋守将坚守六年之后终被攻破,导致南宋门户大开。襄阳城,发源于今襄阳城护城河西部“大城西垒”——楚之北津戍。西汉时设县,建城墙,后城墙逐渐东移,到宋代时,东城墙移至今荆州街一带,城高池深,形成襄阳城坚固的防御体系。樊城左右各有雁翅城雄立,内外城围为城内提供了双重屏障。襄阳城内格局呈方形十字街式街巷格局,坊市呈棋盘式展开,公署建筑分布在城中东北部,沿北街排列;樊城呈走廊形沿汉江东西向延伸,形成自由街巷。
[Abstract]:Xiangyang and Fancheng in the Song Dynasty are located in the middle reaches of the Han River. The two cities are set up by the Han River, Xiangyang in the south and Fancheng in the north. Xiangyang and Fancheng have unique geographical position and have been military important towns since ancient times. Ethnic contradictions prominent, frequent war between ethnic groups, Xiangyang and Fancheng have long been located at the border of the regime, the military status is prominent, become the front line of war, in the Song and Jin, Song and Meng (Yuan) confrontation. Under this background, the population, economy and urban pattern of Xiangyang and Fancheng have undergone tremendous changes. During the Northern Song Dynasty, the social situation in Xiangyang and Fancheng was stable, the population grew steadily and rapidly, and the proportion of people moving in increased. Under the influence of the Song and Jin wars, the northern population moved southward into Xiangyang and Fancheng areas, while Xiang and Fan indigenous residents moved southward into Jing Hunan Lu and even Liangguang area. During the confrontation between Song and Mongolia, the tide of immigrants intensified, Xiang, Fan population emigrated, Xiangfan defense war, basically become an empty city. In the Northern Song Dynasty, Xiangyang and Fancheng were in a relatively peaceful and stable situation. And Xiangyang and Fancheng near the Hanshui, Rain Water is sufficient, water conservancy facilities are relatively complete, agriculture, handicrafts, commerce are showing a benign development situation; During the Southern Song Dynasty, the temperature decreased, rice planting area shrank, after the Song and Jin wars broke out, Xiangyang was in war for a long time, agricultural production was seriously damaged, handicraft and commerce were also damaged to a certain extent, but. To a certain extent, it also promoted the development of wartime economy in certain industries, such as shipbuilding, commerce, etc. Xiangyang and Fancheng are located in the transitional zone between the south and the north. Xiangyang as the starting point can reach Nanyang along the South Xiang pass Road, west along the Shangjin Road to Chang'an, Nanjingxiang Road land and waterway Jiji, the west along the Han Xiang Road straight into Ezhou. The transportation network in all directions provided important conditions for the development of Xiang and Fan, especially during the war, which provided a favorable guarantee for the transportation of strategic goods, because of its unique geographical location and convenient transportation network, Song and Jin dynasties. After the Song and Jin dynasties "Shaoxing Peace Conference," Xiang and Fan became the front lines of the Song and Jin confrontation. The Southern Song Dynasty, Yue Fei, Wu Gong, Zhao Chun, and other generals once led troops to garrison here to strengthen the military strategic deployment of the two cities. The favorable terrain was used to resist the invasion of the gold army. After the death of the Jin Dynasty, the Song and Meng confrontation, Mongolia will also participate, Fan as a breakthrough to attack the Southern Song Dynasty. Xiangyang City in accordance with the characteristics of a lasting siege of the characteristics of the Gaochi, the Southern Song Dynasty will adhere to six years after the final attack, leading to the Southern Song gate opened. Xiangyang City. Originated in the west of Xiangyang city moat, "Great City West Barrier"-Chu North Jin garrison. The Western Han Dynasty built a county wall, after the wall gradually moved eastward, to the Song Dynasty, the east wall moved to Jingzhou Street area, the city high pool deep. Xiangyang City formed a solid defense system. Fancheng each has wild goose wings around the city, inside and outside the city to provide a double barrier. Xiangyang City pattern is a square cross street street pattern, the city is chessboard. Office buildings in the northeast of the city, along the North Street; Fancheng corridor along the east-west extension of the Hanjiang River, forming a free street.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K928.6

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