先秦两汉时期黑河中游环境状况研究

发布时间：2018-03-07 11:23

本文选题：黑河中游　切入点：先秦　出处：《兰州大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：人类的活动与环境息息相关,适宜的环境对人类的生产生活有很大的促进作用。黑河是我国第二大内陆河,处在丝绸之路河西走廊段重要节点,是西北地区最早大规模发展灌溉农业的地区,也是中亚内陆干旱区形成演化和西部水土资源开发利用最具代表性的地区。自人类出现于黑河流域始,黑河中游一直是整个黑河流域最繁华的地段。经过2000多年的开发和利用,黑河中游产生了许许多多的环境问题,不仅对本地区造成影响,甚至影响到周边地区乃至整个国家的长治久安。因此,研究历史上黑河中游人类活动、气候、环境三者之间的关系,对于保护当地环境,助力经济发展具有十分重要的意义。本文在前人研究的基础上,利用社会科学和自然科学中有关黑河中游历史上环境变化的研究,运用历史文献和历史地理的研究方法,通过实地考察,对黑河中游先秦和两汉时期的人类活动、气候变化和环境变迁进行了分析。文章共分五个部分:第一章:绪论。主要对论文的选题背景与意义、学术史回顾、论文所用方法和思路进行了描述。第二章:黑河中游地区的自然与社会概况。主要叙述了黑河中游的自然概况、社会经济情况和历史沿革。第三章:先秦时期黑河中游的环境状况。首先对黑河中游先秦时期出现的各类考古学文化和人类活动进行了介绍。自距今5000年至汉河西之战之前,黑河中游先秦时期的考古学文化先后有马家窑文化、西城驿文化、四坝文化、骟马文化以及沙井文化等。在这一时期末期,月氏人和匈奴人先后成为这一片区域的主人。其次总结了这一时期黑河中游的气候变化,自末次冰期结束至西汉河西之战前,气候有暖有冷,波动发展。最后研究了这一时期环境的变化。这一时期,环境变化深受气候的影响。人类活动对环境的影响可忽略不计。这一时期已经出现土地荒漠化。第四章:两汉时期黑河中游的环境状况。首先详细介绍了两汉时期黑河中游的历史沿革。其次总结了两汉时期气候的变化。东汉晚期之前,气候以暖干为主,东汉晚期以湿冷为主。最后研究了这一时期的环境变化。这一时期环境的变化仍以气候变化为主导,但是人类活动影响大大加强,促进了环境的变化。第五章:总结与启示。对第三章和第四章的内容进行了总结。同时研究对今后的发展具有很好的启示作用。
[Abstract]:Human activities are closely related to the environment, and a suitable environment contributes greatly to the production and living of human beings. The Heihe River is the second largest inland river in China and is at an important node in the Western Corridor of the Silk Road. It is the earliest region in Northwest China to develop irrigated agriculture on a large scale. It is also the most representative area in the inland arid region of Central Asia and the most representative area in the exploitation and utilization of water and soil resources in the western part of the region. The middle reaches of the Heihe River have always been the most prosperous part of the whole Heihe River basin. After more than 2000 years of development and utilization, the middle reaches of the Heihe River have produced a lot of environmental problems, which not only have an impact on the region. It even affects the long-term stability of the surrounding areas and even the whole country. Therefore, to study the relationship among human activities, climate, and environment in the middle reaches of the Heihe River in history is of great importance to the protection of the local environment. It is of great significance to help the development of economy. On the basis of previous studies, this paper makes use of the research of social science and natural science on the historical environmental change in the middle reaches of the Heihe River, and applies the research methods of historical literature and historical geography. This paper analyzes the human activities, climate change and environmental changes in the middle reaches of Heihe River during the period of Pre-Qin and Han dynasties. The article is divided into five parts: chapter one: introduction. The methods and ideas used in the paper are described. Chapter two: the natural and social situation of the middle reaches of the Heihe River. The natural situation of the middle reaches of the Heihe River is mainly described. Social and economic situation and historical evolution. Chapter 3: environmental conditions of the Middle reaches of the Heihe River in the Pre-Qin period. Firstly, various archaeological cultures and human activities occurred in the Middle reaches of the Heihe River during the Pre-Qin period were introduced. From 5000 to the Western Han River War, In the middle reaches of the Heihe River, the archaeological culture of the pre-Qin period included the Majiayao culture, the Xicheng post culture, the Siba culture, the gelding culture and the manhole culture, etc. At the end of this period, The Yuezhi and the Huns became the masters of the region one after another. Secondly, the climate changes in the middle reaches of the Heihe River during this period were summed up. From the end of the last ice age to the pre-war period of the Western Han River, the climate was warm and cold. Finally, the change of environment in this period is studied. Environmental change is deeply influenced by climate. The impact of human activities on the environment can be neglected. Land desertification has occurred in this period. Chapter 4th: the environmental situation of the middle reaches of the Heihe River during the Han Dynasty. Firstly, the paper introduces the environmental situation of the middle reaches of the Heihe River in the Han Dynasty in detail. The historical evolution of the middle reaches of Heihe River in the Han Dynasty. Secondly, the climatic changes during the Han Dynasty were summarized. Before the late Eastern Han Dynasty, The climate is mainly warm and dry, and the late Eastern Han Dynasty is mainly wet and cold. Finally, the environmental changes of this period are studied. The climate change is still dominant in this period, but the influence of human activities is greatly strengthened. Chapter 5th: summary and revelation. The contents of Chapter 3 and Chapter 4th are summarized. At the same time, the study has a good enlightening effect on the future development.
【学位授予单位】：兰州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K928.6

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