陇西黄土丘陵区集镇空间形态的演变研究

发布时间：2018-03-12 16:37

本文选题：乡村集镇　切入点：空间形态　出处：《西北师范大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：聚落地理是人文地理学研究的重要内容之一，是研究人地关系的一个重要切入点。但二战后，由于各国城市建设与经济的恢复与快速发展，国际上许多学者把重心转向城市的研究，对乡村地理的研究不断弱化。同样在国内，由于城市化战略的实施与城市经济的飞速发展，中国规划界与地理界也把目光转向城市，乡村聚落研究严重滞后。乡村聚落是大量乡村人口生产生活的地点，其形成与发展演变要受自然条件和乡村社会、经济、文化等因素的深刻影响。我国农村地区范围广大，人口众多，聚落数量庞大。但我国乡村聚落在长期的发展过程中面临和存在着许多突出的问题。研究区域通渭县马营镇处于陇西黄土高原，境内黄土广布，山多川少，梁峁起伏，沟壑密布，地形破碎，属黄土丘陵沟壑区。马营镇也是我国西部开发较早的地区之一，农业发展十分悠久。由于社会经济形态的逐步演进、多种社会经济因素的不断变化以及自然条件的空间差异，马营空间形态经历了从人类定居到秦汉唐宋以来的单一聚落形态、典型封建社会形态下明清时期的具有防御性质的“三城四堡”的礼制格局、改革开放前特殊社会形态下更新置换的格局、改革开放后沿交通线呈东西带状组团式布局形态发展演变的现象。本文以陇中地区集镇空间形态演变为研究内容，从社会、经济、历史、地理、文化等多角度，运用理论研究与实证分析相结合、定性分析与定量研究相结合、文献方法与社会调查方法相结合的研究方法与GIS技术手段，对马营集镇的起源、发展、演变进行了系统分析与综合研究，从不同时空层面构建了聚落发展及其结构变迁的解释框架。根据历史文献资料和考古资料，在乡村聚落起源及发展方面，，论文总结梳理了聚落起源与发展的一般历史轨迹。运用统计数据和实地调研资料，对建国后马营镇空间结构的演变也进行了系统研究。本文最后提出了马营集镇空间形态演变趋向和下一步的研究的构想，认为集镇空间结构要融入区域空间一体化的进程之中，关键是城乡之间社会经济关系的一体化，这是城乡一体化的本质所规定，二者应该通过政治的、经济的、社会的及自然的联系，形成互相支持、互为依托的职能一体化地域。中国农村社会经济发展的差异性很大，因此，在研究集镇空间形态的变迁时应该进行模式多样化分析并由此确立我国广大农村集镇空间结构演化的一般性特点，对马营集镇空间结构变迁的研究也可能不完全适合研究区的所有范围，也不可能适合我国别的区域，这就要求我们进一步做好不同区域层次模式的分析与总结。
[Abstract]:Settlement geography is one of the important contents in the study of human geography and an important entry point for the study of human-land relations. However, after World War II, due to the urban construction and economic recovery and rapid development of various countries, Many scholars in the world have turned their attention to the study of cities, and the study of rural geography has been weakened. At home, due to the implementation of urbanization strategy and the rapid development of urban economy, the planning and geography circles in China have also turned their attention to cities. The study of rural settlement is seriously lagging behind. Rural settlement is the place where a large number of rural people live and production. Its formation and development are deeply influenced by natural conditions, rural social, economic, cultural and other factors. With a large population and a large number of settlements, there are many outstanding problems in the long-term development of rural settlements in China. Maying Town, Tongwei County, is located on the Loess Plateau of Longxi, with a wide distribution of loess in its territory, less mountains and more rivers, undulating hills, dense gullies and broken terrain, which is a hilly and gully region of loess. Maying Town is also one of the early developed areas in the western part of China. Agricultural development is very long. Due to the gradual evolution of social and economic forms, the constant changes of various social and economic factors and the spatial differences of natural conditions, the spatial form of Ma Ying experienced a single settlement form from human settlement to the Qin, Han, Tang and Song dynasties. The ritual pattern of "three cities and four castles" in the Ming and Qing dynasties in the typical feudal society, and the replacement pattern in the special social form before the reform and opening up. After the reform and opening up, along the traffic line, the development and evolution of the East-West banded layout. This paper takes the spatial form evolution of the town in Longzhong region as the research content, from the social, economic, historical, geographical, cultural and other perspectives, using theoretical research and empirical analysis, qualitative analysis and quantitative research combined. Based on the combination of literature method and social investigation method and GIS technique, the origin, development and evolution of Maying market town are systematically analyzed and comprehensively studied. Based on the historical literature and archaeological data, this paper constructs an explanatory framework for the development of settlements and their structural changes from different temporal and spatial levels, in terms of the origin and development of rural settlements. This paper summarizes and combs the general historical track of the origin and development of settlements and makes a systematic study of the evolution of the spatial structure of Maying Town after the founding of the people's Republic of China by using statistical data and field investigation data. Finally, the paper puts forward the evolution trend of the spatial form and the next step of the research of the market town, and holds that the integration of the social and economic relations between the urban and rural areas is the key to the integration of the spatial structure of the market town into the process of regional spatial integration. This is the essence of urban-rural integration. The two should form functional integration regions that support each other and rely on each other through political, economic, social and natural connections. Therefore, when studying the change of the spatial form of the market town, we should carry on the pattern diversification analysis and establish the general characteristic of the spatial structure evolution of the vast rural town in our country. The study on the spatial structure change of Maying market town may not be suitable for all the scope of the study area, nor can it be suitable for other regions in China, which requires us to further analyze and summarize the different regional hierarchy models.
【学位授予单位】：西北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K928.5

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