基于满意度的人居环境宜居性评价

发布时间：2018-04-01 13:27

本文选题：人居环境　切入点：指标体系　出处：《西北师范大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着全球化、城市化的快速推进,人们所面临的城市问题也不断出现,如环境污染、人口膨胀、交通拥堵、绿地减少等,直接制约着城市居民生活品质的提升和居住环境的改善。同时,随着人们生活水平与环保意识的增强,居民对人居环境的要求也在不断的上升,因此,在新兴城镇化的推进中,人居环境研究已成为城市规划与城市发展研究的热点。如何协调好经济发展与人居环境之间的关系,也已成为城市发展中面临的突出问题。本文利用大规模的实地调查问卷作为基础数据,从设施完善度、出行便捷度、居住安全度、环境健康度、景观优美度和居民归属感六大类指标出发,采用层次分析法、空间插值法和聚类分析法,以市区层面、分区层面和片区层面三个空间角度,对兰州市城市宜居性进行评价和空间特征分析,从而为兰州宜居城市建设提供一定参考。研究表明:兰州市总体宜居性水平一般,且市内各行政区宜居性差异较大,其中,位于市中心的城关区宜居性最好,七里河区宜居性最差;城市宜居性在空间上出现出“多中心”分布格局,并且呈现“东高西低”的不均衡特征,行政区边界和新开发住宅区宜居性水平不高,并且宜居性有串珠式发展趋势。总体来说,兰州市区层面宜居性空间特征评价结果与分区空间特征评价结果和片区空间特征评价结果相吻合。从城市居民视角出发,利用ARC/INFO平台,将兰州市行政区划图划分为83个评价单元对人居环境空间特征进行评价;在此基础上,选取579个商品楼盘,借助Surfer8.0软件,生成房价等高线图评价住宅价格空间分布规律,并通过多元回归模型讨论了影响人居环境与住宅价格相关因素。研究表明:兰州市人居环境满意度存在显著的空间自相关特征,且不同的指标表现出较强空间尺度的变化;人居满意度从各行政区中心向外围逐渐降低的过程中,在一些发展指向性明显的区域同心圆发生变化,出现“绅士化”与“老街坊”的分化,这与住宅价格空间分布规律具有较强的正相关,即人居环境满意度高的地区商品房价格相对较高。利用SPSS统计分析软件,对兰州市不同居民的年龄、家庭结构等社会属性与评价指标得分进行相关性分析,得到兰州市居民属性与宜居性的相关关系,虽然各个属性与宜居性的相关关系很小,但是作为影响整体宜居性的因素,可以反映出居民属性对宜居性评价的影响。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of globalization and urbanization, the urban problems that people are facing are constantly appearing, such as environmental pollution, population expansion, traffic congestion, and the decrease of green space, etc. At the same time, with the enhancement of people's living standard and environmental protection consciousness, the residents' demand for human settlement environment is also rising, so, in the process of new urbanization, The study of human settlement environment has become a hot topic in the study of urban planning and urban development. How to coordinate the relationship between economic development and human settlement environment, It has also become a prominent problem in urban development. This paper uses the large-scale field survey questionnaire as the basic data, from the degree of facility perfection, travel convenience, living safety, environmental health, Based on the six kinds of indexes of landscape beauty and residents' sense of belonging, AHP, spatial interpolation and cluster analysis are used to analyze the three spatial angles of urban level, district level and district level. In order to provide some reference for the construction of Lanzhou livable city, the evaluation and spatial analysis of urban livability in Lanzhou City are carried out. The results show that the general livable level of Lanzhou City is general, and there are great differences in livability in different administrative districts of Lanzhou City, among which, The urban livability in Chengguan district is the best, Qilihe district is the worst, and the urban livability is characterized by "multi-center" distribution pattern in space, and the unbalanced characteristics of "east high and west low". The level of livability in administrative areas and newly developed residential areas is not high, and livability has a tendency of beading. Generally speaking, The results of evaluation of livable spatial features in Lanzhou urban area are consistent with the results of regional spatial features evaluation and the results of regional spatial features evaluation. From the perspective of urban residents, this paper makes use of the ARC/INFO platform. The map of Lanzhou administrative division is divided into 83 evaluation units to evaluate the spatial characteristics of residential environment, on the basis of which, 579 commercial buildings are selected to evaluate the spatial distribution of housing price by using Surfer8.0 software, and the contour map of house price is generated to evaluate the spatial distribution of housing price. The factors related to residential environment and housing price are discussed by multivariate regression model. The results show that there are significant spatial autocorrelation characteristics in the satisfaction degree of human settlements in Lanzhou, and different indexes show strong spatial scale change. In the process of gradually decreasing the satisfaction of human settlements from the center of each administrative district to the periphery, the concentric circles of some regions with obvious development direction have changed, and there has been a differentiation between "gentrification" and "old neighborhood". This has a strong positive correlation with the spatial distribution of housing prices, that is, the prices of commercial housing in areas with high satisfaction with human settlements are relatively high. The age of different residents in Lanzhou is analyzed by using SPSS statistical analysis software. The correlation analysis between social attributes such as family structure and evaluation index scores is carried out, and the correlation relationship between residents' attributes and liveability in Lanzhou is obtained. Although the correlation between each attribute and livability is very small, it is a factor that affects the overall liveability. It can reflect the impact of residents' attributes on livability evaluation.
【学位授予单位】：西北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：K901

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