明清时期晋东南堡寨聚落地理研究

发布时间：2018-06-17 12:16

  本文选题：明清时期 + 晋东南　； 参考：《陕西师范大学》2015年博士论文

【摘要】：历史乡村聚落地理研究是历史聚落地理学的重要内容,但也是历史聚落地理研究中的薄弱部分。相比蓬勃发展的历史城市地理研究,历史乡村聚落地理研究尚处在空白填补、理论构建、方法创新的探索路上。堡寨聚落是历史乡村聚落的典型类别,蕴含丰富的自然、社会、民族和建筑信息,成为多学科关注的“焦点”。以往的堡寨聚落研究表现为以下几个特点：一个是将堡寨聚落作为建筑单体进行建筑学方面的研究；一个是重视典型时期、典型区域的研究；一个是将堡寨聚落笼统地不加区别地研究。上述研究都从某些方面推动了堡寨聚落研究的深入,但也造成堡寨聚落研究碎片化的结果。目前的堡寨聚落研究,缺少非典型区域和非典型时期的研究,存在只关注现存堡寨建筑的结构和布局,不注意分析其发展过程和轨迹的特点。堡寨聚落首先是聚落,有居民。堡寨聚落研究不能忽略居住其中人的行为对堡寨聚落兴衰演变、规模布局的影响。只见建筑不见人的堡寨聚落研究是不生动、不全面、不透彻的。本文选取明清两代的晋东南作为研究时段和区域,以普通乡村堡寨聚落为研究对象,对其产生的历史背景、形成发展历程、时空分布轨迹、形态和类型的区域分布以及各种要素的影响等进行分析。试图从一个完整的地理单元,连贯的时间尺度内对明清晋东南的乡村堡寨聚落进行全面分析,揭示其内在的规律和特点。挖掘人在其中发挥的作用是本论文研究的特点。资料运用上,本文以正史、方志、碑刻、文集、古今地图、地名志等资料为研究基础。研究方法上,本文采取以历史地理学方法为主,融合社会学、人类学、地名学、建筑学等学科的方法和手段,重视地理信息技术和实地考察,力图多层面、多角度地揭示明清晋东南堡寨聚落的真实面貌。乡村堡寨聚落是乡村聚落的堡寨化。乡村堡寨聚落除了具有一般乡村聚落的居住功能外,还具备防御功能。明清晋东南的乡村聚落堡寨化集中于两个时期。一个是明嘉靖、隆庆时期,一个是明末清初。第一个时期,堡寨聚落的防御对象包括嘉靖初年的陈卿起义军和嘉靖、隆庆之间频繁侵入的蒙古军队。第二个时期,堡寨聚落的防御对象是明末长期盘踞在晋东南的农民起义军。清初姜壤掀起反清复明运动时,堡寨聚落的防御对象又转向反清义军或前来镇压的满清军队。不同阶段,因为防御对象及其影响区域不同,晋东南堡寨聚落的分布存在空间差异。明清晋东南堡寨聚落的分布可以从宏观和微观两个层面进行分析。宏观上,明嘉靖、隆庆时期限于沁州和潞安府境内,明末清初扩大到整个晋东南。微观上,明嘉靖、隆庆时期为沿着河流、道路呈线性分布特点,而明末清初表现为全面覆盖、区域集中性的特点。堡寨聚落的数量统计说明,并不是每个乡村聚落在动乱时都修筑堡寨,是否修筑堡寨还与聚落本身的居民态度、人口规模、士绅力量、地貌基础和是否被战乱波及等因素密切关联。堡寨聚落的规模与防御对象、聚落人口规模、堡寨与依托聚落关系、聚落中士绅商贾实力等关系密切。堡寨聚落的形态和空间结构则受地貌条件和依托村庄形态影响。明清晋东南乡村聚落的堡寨化集中于明嘉靖、隆庆时期和明末清初,直接诱因依次是陈卿起义、蒙古军队入侵和明末农民起义、清初姜壤反清复明起义。堡寨聚落的分布和类型存在时空差异,背后既有地貌基础的不同,也有防御对象、聚落规模、士绅力量、民居态度的差异。体现了堡寨聚落与自然、人文和社会的多重复杂关系。
[Abstract]:The study of historical rural settlement geography is an important part of historical settlement geography, but it is also a weak part in the study of historical settlement geography. Compared with the flourishing historical urban geography research, the study of historical rural settlement geography is still in the blank filling, theory construction and exploration of method innovation. The typical category, which contains abundant natural, social, national and architectural information, has become the "focus" of multidisciplinary attention. The previous studies of the fort settlement are characterized by the following characteristics: one is the architectural study of the castle settlement as a building monomer; one is the study of the typical period, the typical area, and the other This study has promoted the deep study of fort village settlement in some aspects, but it also resulted in the fragmentation of the fort settlement research. At present, the research on the fort settlement, the lack of the research of the atypical region and the atypical period, has only closed the structure and layout of the existing Fort building, and does not pay attention to it. This paper analyzes the characteristics of its development process and track. The settlement of fort village is first of all settlements and residents. The study of fort village settlement can not ignore the influence of the behavior of the people living in Fort village to the evolution of the rise and fall of the fort settlement and the influence of the size distribution. In order to study the period and area, this paper takes the settlement of Village Fort as the research object, analyzes its historical background, the development course, the trajectory of space-time distribution, the regional distribution of form and type and the influence of various elements, and tries to make the Village Fort in the southeast of the Ming and Qing Dynasties from a complete geographical unit and in a coherent time scale. A comprehensive analysis of the village settlement has been made to reveal its inherent laws and characteristics. The role of the excavated man is the characteristic of this study. In the use of the data, this article is based on the data of the positive history, the chronicles, the inscriptions, the anthology, the map of the ancient and the modern times, the geographical names and so on. The methods and means of anthropology, geosinological, architecture and other disciplines, attach importance to geographic information technology and field investigation, and try to reveal the real features of the settlements in the southeast of Shanxi Province in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The village settlement fort in the southeast of the Ming and Qing Dynasties concentrated in two periods. One is the Ming Jiajing and the Longqing period, one is the late Ming and the early Qing Dynasty. The first period, the defense object of the fort settlement includes the Chen Qing uprising army and Jiajing in the first year of Jiajing, the frequent invasion of Mongolia army between the long Qing Dynasty. The defense object of the fort settlement in the second period. It was the peasant uprising army which was entrenched in the southeast of Jin Dynasty in the late Ming Dynasty. In the early Qing Dynasty, when the Qing Dynasty and the Qing Dynasty set off the anti Qing and Ming Dynasty movement, the defense object of the fort village turned to the anti Qing Junyi army or the Manchu army which came to repression. In different stages, there were spatial differences in the distribution of the settlement in the southeastern Shanxi Province in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, because of the different defense objects and their affected areas. The distribution of the settlement can be analyzed from two levels in the macro and micro levels. In the macroscopic view, the Ming Jiajing period was limited to the Qinzhou and Lu'an houses, and the late Ming and early Qing Dynasty expanded to the southeast of Shanxi. The number of the settlements in Fort village shows that the village is not built in the turmoil of every village, and whether the building of the fort is closely related to the residents' attitude, the size of the population, the gentry strength, the geomorphological basis and whether the conflict is affected by the war. The form and spatial structure of the settlement in the village were influenced by the geomorphic conditions and the form of the village. The village settlement in the southeast of Shanxi Province was concentrated in the Ming Jiajing, the period of Longqing and the early Qing Dynasty in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The direct inducement was the Chen Qing Uprising, the invasion of Mongolia army and the peasants in the late Ming Dynasty. At the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, the distribution and types of the villages in the village were different. There were different geomorphic bases and defensive objects, the size of the settlement, the gentry power and the differences in the attitude of the people, which reflected the complex relationship between the settlement and nature of fort village, the Humanities and the society.
【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：K928.6
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本文编号：2031010