陕北黄土高原多沙粗沙区乡村聚落发展与土壤侵蚀研究

发布时间：2018-06-23 05:51

本文选题：乡村聚落 + 土壤侵蚀　；参考：《陕西师范大学》2005年博士论文

【摘要】：陕北黄土高原多沙粗沙区面积4.35万km~2,占黄河中游多沙粗沙区的55.4%,是黄河泥沙主要物源的核心区域,年产泥沙3.1亿t,水土流失非常严重。改革开放以来,陕北黄土高原经济的发展和人口的自然增加,不仅促进了小城镇化的进程,大量群众不断建新房、弃旧居,而且促进了乡村聚落的快速发展。然而,在广大的乡村由于以往对乡村聚落发展建设中的水土保持认识不足,重视不够,致使新建住宅、修筑乡村道路过程中,随意堆放弃土,造成了严重的土壤侵蚀;同时大量的被弃用的旧窑洞,易于坍塌,也促进了土壤侵蚀;而且现有聚落中普遍存在着较为严重的水力侵蚀。随着国家退耕还林(草)政策的实施,广大坡面及沟壑侵蚀的减小,生态环境得到改善,乡村聚落土壤侵蚀问题更显突出,急需尽快加以研究。近几年来许多学者重视了城市聚落土壤侵蚀问题,并进行了一定研究,但关于乡村聚落发展对土壤侵蚀影响的专门研究,目前尚未见到,仅在少数其它内容的文章中有所涉及。因此,开展陕北黄土高原乡村聚落土壤侵蚀的研究工作,不仅可以丰富土壤侵蚀学科研究内容,拓宽研究范围,促进学科发展,还可以为防治土壤侵蚀,减少入黄泥沙,建设生态型乡村聚落,提供重要的科学依据与参考,为改善农村生态环境,保持水土服务。也可供黄土高原其它地区借鉴。本文在全面考察陕北黄土高原多沙粗沙区19个县区的基础上,通过定位观测、典型地段调查、定量分析等方法,用大量的数据,系统地分析探讨了乡村聚落发展及其土壤侵蚀问题,指出,陕北黄土高原乡村聚落土壤侵蚀非常严重,已经成为该区水土流失“新的增长点”。论文的主要研究内容和取得的成果有: 1.分析了黄土高原以窑洞为特色的乡村聚落的发展历史,并首次对窑洞聚落的发展历史进行了分期。指出,陕北黄土高原乡村聚落的发展历史悠久、源远流长,5000年前的仰韶文化时期,窑洞就已经出现,定边县樊学乡白狼岔坟垧峁盖东北山坡的坟垧峁盖遗址应该是陕北黄土高原迄今发现最早的黄土窑洞遗址。但关于黄土窑洞最早的记载始见于西周时期,距今已有三千多年。窑洞聚落的发展历史可以划分为零星窑洞时期、技术成熟时期、聚落稳定时期、聚落扩张与迁移时期等四个时期。 2.以野外调查为基础,定量分析了乡村聚落的类型、空间分布、用地特点
[Abstract]:The sandy and coarse sandy area of the Loess Plateau in Northern Shaanxi is 43500 km2, which accounts for 55.4% of the coarse sandy area in the middle reaches of the Yellow River. It is the core area of the main sediment source of the Yellow River. The annual sediment yield is 310 million t and the soil erosion is very serious. Since the reform and opening up, the development of economy and the natural increase of population in the Loess Plateau of Northern Shaanxi have not only promoted the process of small urbanization, but also promoted the rapid development of rural settlements by a large number of people building new houses and abandoning old houses. However, due to the lack of understanding of soil and water conservation in the development and construction of rural settlements in the past, insufficient attention has been paid to it, resulting in the construction of new houses and the construction of rural roads, giving up soil at will, resulting in serious soil erosion. At the same time, a large number of abandoned old caves are easy to collapse, also promote soil erosion, and the existing settlements generally exist more serious hydraulic erosion. With the implementation of the national policy of returning cropland to forest (grass), the erosion of sloping land and gully has been reduced, the ecological environment has been improved, the problem of soil erosion in rural settlements is more prominent, and it is urgent to study it as soon as possible. In recent years, many scholars have paid attention to the problem of soil erosion in urban settlements and carried out some studies. However, the special research on the impact of rural settlement development on soil erosion has not been seen, only in a few other articles. Therefore, the research work of soil erosion in rural settlements on the Loess Plateau of Northern Shaanxi can not only enrich the research contents of soil erosion, broaden the scope of research and promote the development of the subject, but also can prevent and control soil erosion and reduce the yellow sediment. The construction of ecological rural settlements provides important scientific basis and reference for improving the rural ecological environment and maintaining soil and water services. It can also be used for reference in other areas of the Loess Plateau. On the basis of a comprehensive investigation of 19 counties and regions in the sandy and coarse sand areas of the Loess Plateau in northern Shaanxi, this paper uses a large number of data by means of location observation, investigation of typical areas, quantitative analysis, etc. The development of rural settlements and the problem of soil erosion are systematically analyzed and discussed. It is pointed out that the soil erosion of rural settlements in the Loess Plateau of Northern Shaanxi is very serious and has become a "new growth point" of soil and water loss in this area. The main research contents and achievements are as follows: 1. This paper analyzes the development history of the rural settlements in the Loess Plateau, which is characterized by caves, and stages the development history of cave settlements for the first time. It is pointed out that the rural settlements on the Loess Plateau in northern Shaanxi have a long history of development and have a long history. During the Yangshao culture period 5,000 years ago, caves had already appeared. Fan Xuexiang, Dingbian County. The site of the cover of the tombs on the northeast hillside of Bailangcha Tomb is the earliest loess cave site ever discovered on the Loess Plateau of Northern Shaanxi. But the earliest records of yellow earth caves were recorded in the Western Zhou Dynasty, more than 3000 years ago. The development history of cave settlement can be divided into four periods: sporadic cave period, mature technology period, stable settlement period, settlement expansion and migration period. Based on field investigation, the types, spatial distribution and land use characteristics of rural settlements were quantitatively analyzed.
【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2005
【分类号】：K928.5;S157.1

【引证文献】