麦金德政治地理学中的两种世界文明史观

发布时间：2018-08-29 09:23

【摘要】：自16世纪西方航海家不断发现新的陆地以来,世界地理的准确轮廓才开始逐渐明确。孟德斯鸠在推崇现代的民主政制理想时,已经力图凭靠当时所知的世界地理新轮廓所提供的世界史视野来增强其论证的说服力。在孟德斯鸠的激发下,杜尔哥试图建立一种进步论的普遍历史的政治地理学。与此不同,麦金德的政治地理学具有两种文明史观:一方面是修昔底德式的现实主义史观,另一方面又是启蒙式的普遍历史观。由于这两种史观具有内在矛盾,麦金德力图用修昔底德式的务实精神来纠正启蒙式的民主理想。麦金德非常忧虑:在西方民主国家,由于民主的理想主义者们长期灌输自由和平等的理想,自由的各种理想已经成了普通公民的固执偏见,公民完全不知道还应该从战略上思考国家的安全。
[Abstract]:Since the discovery of new land by western navigators in the 16 th century, the exact outline of world geography has become clear. Montesquieu, while advocating the ideal of modern democratic political system, has tried to strengthen his argument with the world history vision provided by the new outline of world geography known at that time. Inspired by Montesquieu, Dulco tried to establish a general historical political geography of progressiveness. Different from this, McKinde's political geography has two historical views of civilization: one is the realistic historical view of Thucydides, the other is the universal historical view of enlightenment. Because of the inherent contradiction between these two historical views, McKinley tried to correct the enlightenment democratic ideal with the practical spirit of Thucydides. McKinley was very worried: in Western democracies, because democratic idealists have long instilled the ideals of freedom and equality, the ideals of freedom have become the stubborn prejudice of ordinary citizens. Citizens have no idea that they should also think strategically about national security.
【作者单位】：中国人民大学文学院;
【分类号】：K901.4

【相似文献】