清代太湖流域的环境与卫生——以外国人的游程与感觉为中心

发布时间：2018-09-18 11:29

【摘要】：太湖流域是一个独立的地文系统,自唐宋以来的经济开发和商业化发展,使这里的民生显得异样繁荣。地方史料中的绝大多数,谈论的都是这里的高额赋税负担和内部经济生活的多样化及地区差异,对于民众生活的环境与卫生问题,直接性的详细记载极少。清代中后期外国人在这一地域内的众多游记和日记,于这方面却有颇为细致的描述,侧重点大多在河流环境、建筑居住、城镇街道景观和饮食卫生等问题,负面性的评述占据了大多数。这一当中固然有太平天国战乱后的影响内容,也有中国人的许多常态生活习惯,更带有外国人的猎奇与鄙薄的眼光,但是在总体上都可反映出中国人长期并不真正重视的环境问题及相对淡漠的卫生观念。而所谓"近代化"的理论推导,大多仅限于1843年开埠后沿江滨海重要城市的一些证据,其实并不符合太湖流域广泛城乡的实际生活。
[Abstract]:Taihu Basin is an independent geographical system. The economic development and commercial development since the Tang and Song dynasties have made the people's livelihood look very prosperous. The vast majority of the local historical materials talk about the high tax burden and the diversity of internal economic life and regional differences, and there are very few detailed records of the environmental and health problems of people's lives. The numerous travels and diaries of foreigners in this region in the middle and late Qing Dynasty have been described in detail in this respect, focusing on the river environment, construction and residence, urban street landscape and food hygiene and so on. Negative comments dominate. Of course, there is the influence of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom after the war, as well as many of the normal habits of the Chinese people, and they also have the strange and despicable vision of foreigners. But on the whole, it can reflect the environmental problem and the relatively indifferent health concept that the Chinese people have not really paid attention to for a long time. However, the theoretical derivation of the so-called "modernization" is mostly limited to the evidence of the important cities along the river and the sea after the opening of the port in 1843, but it does not accord with the actual life of the Taihu Lake basin in a wide range of urban and rural areas.
【作者单位】：复旦大学历史系;
【分类号】：X321;K928.6

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