我国水资源变迁的历史回顾——以黄河流域为例

发布时间：2018-12-16 15:35

【摘要】：当前我国环境问题,实由历史积渐而成。环境恶化诸问题中,以水资源枯竭最为严重。这在黄河流域最为典型。我国古代人们原本对水资源十分重视和珍惜,然而由于北方游牧民族的长期入侵,黄河上游西北干旱半干旱区屯垦戍边,开发农耕,成为汉族王朝长期的国策,以至积千年之累,西北地区水资源消耗殆尽。黄河中游关中地区因千年建都,统治阶级竭泽而渔,随着森林的大量砍伐,水资源也濒临危机。黄河下游平原因自西汉以来单一农耕经济的确立,庞大帝国对粮食的需求,进行极度的开发,加上中上游水土流失的影响,河道淤浅,湖泊淤塞,水环境逐渐恶化。汉唐的繁荣实以牺牲黄河流域环境为代价,但也是实出无奈。这是我国数千年来两难的抉择。今后如何协调发展和环境问题,值得认真研究。
[Abstract]:At present, the environmental problems of our country are actually formed by the accumulation of history. Among the problems of environmental deterioration, water resource depletion is the most serious. This is most typical in the Yellow River basin. The ancient people of our country originally attached great importance to and treasured the water resources. However, due to the long invasion of the nomadic people in the north, the arid and semi-arid areas in the upper reaches of the Yellow River opened up and guarded the frontier and developed farming, which became the long-term national policy of the Han Dynasty. As a result of the accumulation of thousands of years, northwest water resources are exhausted. In the middle reaches of the Yellow River, the Guanzhong region was built as a capital for thousands of years, and the ruling class fished. With the massive deforestation, water resources were on the verge of crisis. The establishment of single farming economy in the lower reaches of the Yellow River since the Western Han Dynasty, the huge empire of food demand, extreme development, coupled with the upper reaches of the impact of soil erosion, shallow river siltation, lake siltation, water environment gradually deteriorated. The prosperity of the Han and Tang dynasties was at the expense of the environment of the Yellow River basin, but it was also helpless. This is the dilemma of our country for thousands of years. How to coordinate development and environmental issues in the future is worthy of careful study.
【作者单位】：复旦大学历史地理研究中心
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目 ,批准号 :4 9771 0 2 6
【分类号】：K928.4

【参考文献】