《瀛寰志略》与《海国图志》之比较
发布时间：2019-04-03 20:20
【摘要】：在1840年到1861年之间中国人写成的22种有关介绍世界历史地理的书籍中,影响最大的是魏源的《海国图志》和徐继ul的《瀛寰志略》。就两书的比较而言,写作动机的不同决定了内容的不同取舍,而内容的不同取舍又决定了两书的不同特点,即《海国图志》以博见长,《瀛寰志略》以精取胜。但无论是《海国图志》的以博见长,还是《瀛寰志略》的以精取胜,实际上都有它们的合理性,也都实现了自己的写作宗旨和目的。我们很难笼统地在它们之间分出谁优谁劣。作为中国最早"睁眼看世界"的历史地理书,《海国图志》和《瀛寰志略》中对世界大势作了比较全面的介绍,它们的介绍具有较为全面,重点突出,新知识、旧观念这样三个特点。除它们所共同具有的这些特点外,在"睁眼看世界"方面,《瀛寰志略》有三点要优胜于《海国图志》:一是对传统的华夷观念的突破;二是对西方民主制度的介绍;三是对工商业在整个国民经济中重要地位的认识。如果说《瀛寰志略》之优长在"睁眼看世界"的话,那么,《海国图志》之优长则在提出了"师夷长技以制夷"的主张。所谓"师夷长技以制夷",用今天的话说,就是学习西方列强的长处,用来抵御西方列强的侵略。鸦片战争后"师夷长技"亦即学习西方成了时代的主题或历史潮流,《瀛寰志略》通过对世界大势较为全面系统的介绍,使国人对西方有所了解和认识,从而为他们提供了产生向西方学习之要求的可能性,但《瀛寰志略》本身并没有包含向西方学习的内容;而《海国图志》提出的"师夷长技"的主张则开启了近代学习西方的新潮流。这一新潮流曾支配晚清社会和思想界达数十年之久。
[Abstract]:Among the 22 books on the history and geography of the world written by the Chinese from 1840 to 1861, Wei Yuan's Chart of the Sea and Xu Jiul's Ying Huan Zhi were the most influential ones. As far as the comparison between the two books is concerned, the different writing motivation determines the different choice of the content, and the different choice of the content determines the different characteristics of the two books. However, there are in fact their reasonableness and their own writing purpose and purpose, whether it is the history of Haiguo, or the victory of Ying-Wan-Zhi by virtue of the essence of the story of the whole world, both of which are in fact reasonable and have achieved their own purpose and purpose of writing. It is very difficult for us to distinguish between them in general terms between who is better and who is bad. As one of the earliest historical geography books of China to "open their eyes to the world," the general situation of the world is introduced more comprehensively in the Records of the Sea and Ying Huan Zhiluo, and their introductions are more comprehensive, with outstanding emphasis and new knowledge. There are three characteristics of the old idea. In addition to their common characteristics, in the aspect of "opening their eyes to the world", there are three points which should be superior to that of the Chart of the Sea: first, the breakthrough of the traditional concept of the Huayi, the second is the introduction of the western democratic system, the other is the introduction of the western democratic system, the second is the introduction of the western democratic system, and the second is the introduction of western democracy. Third, the understanding of the important position of industry and commerce in the whole national economy. If Yingqianzhi has the advantage of "opening eyes to the world", then the superior length of "Hai Guo Tu Zhi" has put forward the idea of "master-Yi-long technique in order to control the world," and the idea of "master-Yi-long technique in order to control the world" is put forward. In today's words, it is to learn from the strengths of the Western powers to resist the aggression of the Western powers. After the Opium War, learning from the West has become the theme or historical trend of the times. Through a more comprehensive and systematic introduction to the general situation of the world, the Chinese people have a better understanding and understanding of the West. This provides them with the possibility of learning from the West, but Ying Huan Zhi Lu itself does not contain the content of learning from the West; On the other hand, the idea of "master Yi long skill" put forward in the chart of Haiguo opened up a new trend of learning the west in modern times. This new trend dominated the late Qing society and ideological circles for decades.
【作者单位】： 中国社会科学院近代史研究所;湖南师范大学历史文化学院;
【分类号】：K928.6
[Abstract]:Among the 22 books on the history and geography of the world written by the Chinese from 1840 to 1861, Wei Yuan's Chart of the Sea and Xu Jiul's Ying Huan Zhi were the most influential ones. As far as the comparison between the two books is concerned, the different writing motivation determines the different choice of the content, and the different choice of the content determines the different characteristics of the two books. However, there are in fact their reasonableness and their own writing purpose and purpose, whether it is the history of Haiguo, or the victory of Ying-Wan-Zhi by virtue of the essence of the story of the whole world, both of which are in fact reasonable and have achieved their own purpose and purpose of writing. It is very difficult for us to distinguish between them in general terms between who is better and who is bad. As one of the earliest historical geography books of China to "open their eyes to the world," the general situation of the world is introduced more comprehensively in the Records of the Sea and Ying Huan Zhiluo, and their introductions are more comprehensive, with outstanding emphasis and new knowledge. There are three characteristics of the old idea. In addition to their common characteristics, in the aspect of "opening their eyes to the world", there are three points which should be superior to that of the Chart of the Sea: first, the breakthrough of the traditional concept of the Huayi, the second is the introduction of the western democratic system, the other is the introduction of the western democratic system, the second is the introduction of the western democratic system, and the second is the introduction of western democracy. Third, the understanding of the important position of industry and commerce in the whole national economy. If Yingqianzhi has the advantage of "opening eyes to the world", then the superior length of "Hai Guo Tu Zhi" has put forward the idea of "master-Yi-long technique in order to control the world," and the idea of "master-Yi-long technique in order to control the world" is put forward. In today's words, it is to learn from the strengths of the Western powers to resist the aggression of the Western powers. After the Opium War, learning from the West has become the theme or historical trend of the times. Through a more comprehensive and systematic introduction to the general situation of the world, the Chinese people have a better understanding and understanding of the West. This provides them with the possibility of learning from the West, but Ying Huan Zhi Lu itself does not contain the content of learning from the West; On the other hand, the idea of "master Yi long skill" put forward in the chart of Haiguo opened up a new trend of learning the west in modern times. This new trend dominated the late Qing society and ideological circles for decades.
【作者单位】： 中国社会科学院近代史研究所;湖南师范大学历史文化学院;
【分类号】：K928.6
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