19世纪下半期至20世纪初俄国煤炭工业的发展

发布时间：2018-01-24 17:54

本文关键词： 俄国煤炭工业顿涅茨克南俄冶金工业　出处：《史学月刊》2016年04期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：在工业革命影响下俄国煤炭工业茁壮成长,其发展速度和规模一定程度上左右俄国工业化进程。虽然19世纪末俄国煤炭工业发展速度无法与石油工业相较,除开采规模不如石油工业外俄国煤炭并未完全掌控本国市场,但因政府引进外资、大幅度提高关税、统一运输税率、大规模修建铁路和煤炭开采技术提高等措施煤炭工业仍飞速发展。俄国长期从国外进口煤炭,但因煤炭资源丰富和交通设施逐步完善,除波罗的海地区外本国煤炭逐渐垄断国内市场,与此同时煤炭工业生产集中程度逐渐加强,大公司逐步垄断煤炭工业。俄国工业和运输业发展都与煤炭工业密不可分,该部门不但为南俄冶金业繁荣奠定基础,还是南俄经济迅速崛起的重要推力。20世纪初世界经济危机和国内局势所致俄国石油工业停滞不前,在能源结构中煤炭已占据主导地位。
[Abstract]:Under the influence of the industrial revolution, the Russian coal industry thrived and grew, and its development speed and scale controlled the Russian industrialization process to some extent, although the Russian coal industry could not be compared with the petroleum industry at the end of 19th century. Russian coal does not have complete control over the domestic market except for the oil industry, but because of the introduction of foreign capital by the government, the tariff has been greatly increased and the transportation tax rate has been unified. The coal industry is still developing rapidly. Russia has imported coal from abroad for a long time, but because of its abundant coal resources and the gradual improvement of transportation facilities. In addition to the Baltic region, the domestic coal gradually monopolized the domestic market, at the same time, the concentration of coal production gradually strengthened. Large companies gradually monopolized the coal industry. The development of Russian industry and transportation industry were closely related to the coal industry, which not only laid the foundation for the prosperity of the South Russian metallurgy industry. The world economic crisis and the domestic situation in the early 20th century caused the Russian oil industry to stagnate, and coal has occupied a dominant position in the energy structure.
【作者单位】：吉林大学东北亚研究院;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金项目“1861~1917年俄国等级和阶级结构研究”(11BSS018) 吉林大学研究生创新基金资助项目(450060503145)
【分类号】：K512.4
【正文快照】： *19世纪下半期俄国工业革命开启。在工业化进程中,能源作用不容忽视。矿物燃料的广泛使用,促进了工业和运输业的飞速发展。在此契机下,能源工业也蓬勃发展。从19世纪80年代开始,俄国工业和运输业主要能源是巴库的石油和顿涅茨克等矿区的煤炭。20世纪初,俄国能源结构煤炭化特征

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