19世纪英国的城市化及公共卫生危机

发布时间：2018-04-15 07:17

本文选题：公共卫生危机 + 城市化　；参考：《武汉大学学报(人文科学版)》2015年05期

【摘要】：在19世纪英国,日渐深入的工业化进程改变了人口的地理分布,城市形成吸纳农村剩余劳动力的巨大引力。与此同时,农业领域的变迁成为农业人口向城市迁移的推力,使城市化进程加速。城市化进程导致英国城市人口数量激增,传统的公共管理体制无力应对这个新挑战,由此带来住房拥挤、环境脏乱、配套公共设施严重匮乏等一系列问题。紧随着城市化进程而来的贫困问题以及工厂里恶劣的工作环境,使英国下层民众的健康状况进一步恶化。其直接后果就是人口死亡率、特别是婴儿死亡率的大幅度上升以及各种传染病的大规模流行。其中有三种流行病最具代表性,即斑疹伤寒症、结核病和霍乱,它们集中体现了英国城市化进程的代价。这在英国引发了一场严重的公共卫生危机,进而导致公共卫生运动和改革的兴起。
[Abstract]:In the 19th century, the deepening process of industrialization changed the geographical distribution of the population, and the city formed a huge attraction to absorb the rural surplus labor force.At the same time, the changes in the field of agriculture have become the thrust of the migration of agricultural population to cities, which accelerates the process of urbanization.The urbanization process has led to a surge in the number of urban population in Britain, and the traditional public management system is unable to cope with this new challenge, which brings about a series of problems, such as housing congestion, messy environment, serious shortage of supporting public facilities, and so on.Poverty, followed by urbanisation, and poor working conditions in factories have worsened the health of Britain's underclass.The immediate consequence is a sharp rise in population mortality, especially infant mortality, and a widespread epidemic of infectious diseases.Three of the most representative epidemics, typhus, tuberculosis and cholera, epitomize the costs of urbanisation in Britain.This led to a serious public health crisis in Britain, which led to the rise of public health campaigns and reforms.
【作者单位】：山西师范大学历史与旅游文化学院;
【分类号】：K561

【共引文献】