苏联村社财权的丧失及其影响

发布时间：2018-06-01 06:55

  本文选题：苏联 + 村社　； 参考：《世界历史》2016年06期

【摘要】：公益捐是俄国村社为满足自身的经济、社会、文化等方面的公共需求而自主募集的资金。它是俄国村社自古以来的传统,也是村社财权最稳定、最可靠的保障。1928年初"粮食收购危机"爆发后,在斯大林"贡税论"的引导下,为给国家工业化建设提供资金,苏联政府采取将村社公益捐收归国有的政策,并借此迫使农民向国家售粮。尽管这一政策遭到广大农民的激烈抵抗,但在国家机器强力干预下,公益捐被迫变成地方税,最终导致村社财权丧失。其结果是,动摇了村社自治的经济基础,削弱了村社的公共服务功能,增强了村苏维埃的行政管理能力,加强了苏联政府对农村基层的管控,有利于农业全盘集体化的推行。
[Abstract]:Public donation is a kind of money raised by Russian village community to meet its own economic, social, cultural and other public needs. It is the tradition of the Russian village community since ancient times, and it is also the most stable and reliable guarantee of the village community's financial power. After the outbreak of the "grain purchase crisis" at the beginning of 1928, under the guidance of Stalin's "tributary tax theory," it provided funds for the country's industrial construction. The Soviet government adopted a policy of nationalizing village community public donations, forcing farmers to sell grain to the state. Although the policy was strongly resisted by the peasants, public donations were forced to become local taxes under the strong intervention of the state machinery, which eventually led to the loss of the property rights of the village community. The result is that it shakes the economic foundation of village community autonomy, weakens the public service function of village community, strengthens the administrative ability of village Soviet, strengthens the control of the Soviet government to the rural grassroots, and is conducive to the implementation of the collectivization of agriculture as a whole.
【作者单位】： 陕西师范大学历史文化学院;
【基金】：第54批中国博士后科学基金面上资助项目(一等资助)《苏联村社的复兴与消亡历史研究(1917-1930)》(立项号:2013M540192)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：K512.5
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本文编号：1963270