奴隶制度和资本主义

发布时间：2018-07-03 12:40

本文选题：奴隶制度 + 资本主义　；参考：《北方论丛》2015年05期

【摘要】：奴隶制度与资本主义关系问题,是理解现代世界起源的关键之一,并尤其明显地体现为对美国历史的理解上。历史学界以往没有认识到这一问题:将美国资本主义历史描述成没有奴隶制度的历史,将奴隶制度描述成非资本主义的。20世纪30和40年代,詹姆斯和埃里克·威廉姆斯论证奴隶制度对资本主义的重要性。但他们的研究成果被学界忽略了。20世纪70和80年代,经济学家斯坦利·L.恩格尔曼和罗伯特·威廉·福格尔研究了美国奴隶制度的动态性、现代性、收益性和扩张性。英国、巴西、美国和德国形成了研究大西洋世界奴隶制度的历史学者群体。尽管研究视角不同,但他们都强调奴隶制度是美国资本主义的重要组成部分。当运用全球史视角理解这一问题时,我们就对奴隶制度在19世纪上半叶的美国、18世纪的奥斯曼帝国和19世纪40年代的西印度的向心性提出一种新理解,也可以理解这些地区在19世纪后半叶是如何克服对奴隶制度的依赖的。全球史视角使人们能以新的方式,理解奴隶制度如何成为工业革命的支配力量的。由此,欧洲工业化的能力最初完全依靠对西半球所侵占土地和所奴役劳力的控制。奴隶劳动是西方资本与国家的弱点,也是其长处。19世纪末叶,中亚、西非、印度、格鲁吉亚内陆和美国的农业生产者,被整合到全球性的棉花帝国里。棉花产业是全球性资本主义的路径。学界将处于全盛期的奴隶制度,看作西方世界经济的本质因素。
[Abstract]:The relationship between slavery and capitalism is one of the keys to understand the origin of the modern world, especially in the understanding of American history. Historians have not recognized the problem in the past: describe the history of American capitalism as a history without slavery, and describe slavery as non-capitalist in the 1930s and 1940s. James and Eric Williams argued the importance of slavery to capitalism. But their research was ignored by academics. The 1970 s and 1980 s, economist Stanley L. Engelman and Robert William Vogel studied the dynamics, modernity, profitability and expansibility of slavery in the United States. Britain, Brazil, the United States and Germany formed a group of historians who studied slavery in the Atlantic world. Despite their different perspectives, they all emphasise slavery as an important part of American capitalism. When we use a global historical perspective to understand this issue, we propose a new understanding of slavery in the first half of the 19th century, in the 18th-century Ottoman Empire, and in the 1840s in the West India. It is also understood how these regions overcome their dependence on slavery in the second half of the 19 th century. The perspective of global history enables people to understand in new ways how slavery became the dominant force of the industrial revolution. As a result, Europe's ability to industrialize initially relied entirely on control of the lands occupied and enslaved labour in the Western Hemisphere. Slave labor was a weakness of Western capital and state and its strength. In the late 19th century, agricultural producers in Central Asia, West Africa, India, the interior of Georgia and the United States were integrated into a global cotton empire. Cotton industry is the path of global capitalism. Academia regards slavery in its heyday as the essential factor of the western world economy.
【作者单位】：哈佛大学历史系;哈尔滨师范大学历史系;
【分类号】：K14

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