农奴制废除之后的俄国精英与农民问题
发布时间：2018-07-18 14:59
【摘要】：1861年农民改革不仅是各种利益和思想斗争与妥协的结果,也是后来俄国其他改革的起点。这场改革具有多重意义,俄国精英往往根据自己的观念对其作出不同的解读,加之缺乏关于俄国农村的客观信息,因此俄国政府和社会都对农民改革的方向缺乏明确的认识。一些政府高官试图改变1861年改革的某些原则,推动农民从村社土地所有制转向农户土地所有制,但并没有成功。19世纪70年代末80年代初,随着俄国农业危机的出现,俄国社会和政府对农民问题愈加重视。信息匮乏阻碍了俄国精英对农民问题的认识,他们对农民问题的认识并未明显受到其政治信念的影响。俄国政府试图降低农民的税费并为此爆发了争论,但最终阻止农民土地流通的观点占据了上风,社会最终承认农民土地是国家财产的变种。随着国家调控经济的思想日渐盛行,俄国精英将加深农民对土地的依附作为克服农业危机的措施。
[Abstract]:The peasant reform in 1861 was not only the result of various interests and ideological struggles and compromises, but also the starting point of other later reforms in Russia. This reform has many meanings, Russian elite often according to their own ideas to make a different interpretation of it, coupled with the lack of objective information about the Russian countryside, so the Russian government and society are lack of clear understanding of the direction of peasant reform. Some senior government officials tried to change some of the principles of the 1861 reform and to push farmers from village community land ownership to peasant land ownership, but they did not succeed in the late 1870s and early 1980s, with the emergence of the Russian agricultural crisis. Russian society and government pay more attention to the problem of farmers. The lack of information hinders the Russian elite's understanding of the peasant problem, and their understanding of the peasant problem is not obviously influenced by their political beliefs. The Russian government tried to reduce the peasants' taxes and fees and the argument broke out, but the idea of stopping the peasants' land circulation finally prevailed, and the society finally recognized the farmer's land as a variant of the state property. With the increasing popularity of the idea of state regulation and control of the economy, the Russian elite took the deepening of farmers' dependence on land as a measure to overcome the agricultural crisis.
【作者单位】： 俄罗斯国立高等经济学院(НИУ
【基金】：吉林大学研究生创新基金资助项目(450060523080)
【分类号】：K512.4
[Abstract]:The peasant reform in 1861 was not only the result of various interests and ideological struggles and compromises, but also the starting point of other later reforms in Russia. This reform has many meanings, Russian elite often according to their own ideas to make a different interpretation of it, coupled with the lack of objective information about the Russian countryside, so the Russian government and society are lack of clear understanding of the direction of peasant reform. Some senior government officials tried to change some of the principles of the 1861 reform and to push farmers from village community land ownership to peasant land ownership, but they did not succeed in the late 1870s and early 1980s, with the emergence of the Russian agricultural crisis. Russian society and government pay more attention to the problem of farmers. The lack of information hinders the Russian elite's understanding of the peasant problem, and their understanding of the peasant problem is not obviously influenced by their political beliefs. The Russian government tried to reduce the peasants' taxes and fees and the argument broke out, but the idea of stopping the peasants' land circulation finally prevailed, and the society finally recognized the farmer's land as a variant of the state property. With the increasing popularity of the idea of state regulation and control of the economy, the Russian elite took the deepening of farmers' dependence on land as a measure to overcome the agricultural crisis.
【作者单位】： 俄罗斯国立高等经济学院(НИУ
【基金】：吉林大学研究生创新基金资助项目(450060523080)
【分类号】：K512.4
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