“趋贫习惯”:20世纪40—60年代苏联生活水平衡量问题
发布时间：2018-12-16 00:50
【摘要】：贫困作为一个相对范畴,与社会和历史背景相适应,在不同国家、不同文化及不同历史阶段有自己的特点。对贫困的衡量方法包括绝对贫困、相对贫困和主观贫困。从绝对贫困看,苏联居民的生活在20世纪40—60年代都处于相当低的水平,这在一定程度上是由苏联当时所处的外部环境决定的,国家将所有精力都集中在加速现代化进程以对抗外部威胁上,忽视了居民生活水平的改善。而从主观认知来看,由于苏联的意识形态宣传和动员计划的推行,苏联民众在"暂时困难"、"敌对环境"观念支撑下和对最高政权充分信任的基础上达成共识,对贫困的习惯使得民众认为生活水平低是理所应当的。这种双重性是苏联民众意识的矛盾之一。但到20世纪60年代以后,这一情况发生改变,对苏维埃政权、苏联意识形态和苏联社会形成了挑战。
[Abstract]:As a relative category, poverty has its own characteristics in different countries, different cultures and different historical stages in accordance with the social and historical background. Poverty measures include absolute poverty, relative poverty and subjective poverty. From the perspective of absolute poverty, the life of Soviet residents in the 1940s and 1960s was at a fairly low level, which to some extent was determined by the external environment of the Soviet Union at that time. The state has focused all its efforts on accelerating modernization to counter external threats, ignoring improvements in living standards. From the subjective point of view, because of the implementation of the Soviet Union's ideological propaganda and mobilization plan, the Soviet people reached a consensus on the basis of the concept of "temporary difficulties", "hostile environment" and full trust in the supreme regime. The habit of poverty makes people take for granted the low standard of living. This duality is one of the contradictions of Soviet populace consciousness. But after the 1960s, the situation changed and challenged the Soviet regime, Soviet ideology and Soviet society.
【作者单位】： 俄罗斯科学院俄罗斯历史研究所;吉林大学东北亚研究院;
【分类号】：K512.5
[Abstract]:As a relative category, poverty has its own characteristics in different countries, different cultures and different historical stages in accordance with the social and historical background. Poverty measures include absolute poverty, relative poverty and subjective poverty. From the perspective of absolute poverty, the life of Soviet residents in the 1940s and 1960s was at a fairly low level, which to some extent was determined by the external environment of the Soviet Union at that time. The state has focused all its efforts on accelerating modernization to counter external threats, ignoring improvements in living standards. From the subjective point of view, because of the implementation of the Soviet Union's ideological propaganda and mobilization plan, the Soviet people reached a consensus on the basis of the concept of "temporary difficulties", "hostile environment" and full trust in the supreme regime. The habit of poverty makes people take for granted the low standard of living. This duality is one of the contradictions of Soviet populace consciousness. But after the 1960s, the situation changed and challenged the Soviet regime, Soviet ideology and Soviet society.
【作者单位】： 俄罗斯科学院俄罗斯历史研究所;吉林大学东北亚研究院;
【分类号】：K512.5
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