“沃尔什标准”研究

发布时间：2018-01-11 19:02

本文关键词：“沃尔什标准”研究　出处：《昆明理工大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：英国哲学家沃尔什廓清了历史哲学的两大领域,即思辨的历史哲学与分析的历史哲学,他认为马克思主义的历史哲学应属于思辨的历史哲学。沃尔什对历史哲学理论形态的划分方式即“沃尔什标准”。马克思主义的历史哲学是否是思辨的历史哲学以及如何在对马克思主义历史哲学性质进行定位的问题上超越“沃尔什标准”,构成本文的核心问题。对该问题进行研究主要基于以下几种考量：从研究现状来看,关于“沃尔什标准”的研究多已涉及马克思主义历史哲学性质的问题,并有较为丰富且可供参考的研究内容。然而,关于这个问题的专题研究却不多见,缺乏总体性的观照及系统的分析。从学理层面来看,“沃尔什标准”夸大了马克思主义历史哲学的思辨性,漠视其分析性,若简单套用必会引起一系列的思想混乱。例如,把马克思主义历史哲学单纯地定位为思辨的历史哲学是不恰当的,同时这种定位会使我们忽视马克思主义哲学的历史认识论,最终影响我们对马克思主义历史哲学进行科学、准确的定位。本文研究的意义正在于追根溯源,廓清“沃尔什标准”的有效性边界,消解马克思主义历史哲学研究中的误见。此外,对“沃尔什标准”理论问题的全面分析,可以加深对西方历史哲学理论的理解,更有效地回应西方历史哲学的诘难。从现实意义来看,“沃尔什标准”确有简单化缺陷,也存在被唯心史观利用的可能。近年来历史虚无主义者大肆宣扬“革命无用论”,试图重新解读马克思主义哲学,以否认改革开放前的历史,否认革命在中华民族伟大复兴事业上的重大影响,全盘否定伟人的业绩,其本质就是一种唯心史观,目的是发动舆论瓦解中国人民的精神凝聚力。因此,针对“沃尔什标准”中关于马克思主义历史哲学性质的误读进行必要的澄清,防止唯心主义者见缝插针,对于抵制历史虚无主义之风有重要的现实意义。本文自觉坚持历史与逻辑相统一的科学研究方法,对马克思主义历史哲学的定性问题作出如下研究。研究分为四部分内容,导论部分提出“沃尔什标准”于学界引起的理论混乱,着重分析梳理了本文研究的意义与目前国内外研究者对该争议的观点以及这些观点的合理性及局限性。第二部分对“沃尔什标准”的内涵进行全面解读,着重阐明沃尔什对思辨历史哲学以及分析历史哲学的基本观点。第三部分是对“沃尔什标准”的反思,深度揭示“沃尔什标准”的学理意义与理论的有效性边界以及“沃尔什标准”引起争议的原因,此部分最后以马克思主义历史哲学为例具体分析了“沃尔什标准”的理论困境。第四部分主要回答本文提出的核心问题,具体论证了思辨性与分析性的关系、历史本身与历史认识的关系等问题,证实马克思主义历史哲学是一种实现思辨性与分析性相统一的实践的历史哲学。该研究的主要结论：“沃尔什标准”准确把握了历史本体论的普遍特征和历史认识论的主要问题,却忽视了历史思维性质与人类生产生活实践的关系,这是他对马克思主义理论产生误解的主要原因。需要澄清的是：马克思研究黑格尔理论的结果绝非简单量的积累而是质的飞越；马克思主义理论的科学性不等同于自然科学的科学性,它的研究从始至终都立足于人类社会实践,表达着对人类命运的关切,这才是该理论比科学实证主义更具真理性的地方；马克思主义历史哲学既不是经验真理也不是先验命题,更不能简单地概括为经济决定论。马克思主义历史哲学同时具有思辨性与分析性,但它既不是思辨的历史哲学也不是分析的历史哲学,而是实践的历史哲学。它的思辨性与分析性不同于以往的一切历史哲学,这种个性体现在马克思主义历史哲学对人类社会的改造以及希冀实现人的自由发展的目的。这是一种与全人类息息相关的历史实践理论,有效地解决了以往历史哲学中思辨性与分析性的矛盾,使同时证明思辨内容的客观真理性以及分析批判内容的存在合理性成为可能,使二者实现真正的统一。
[Abstract]:The British philosopher Walsh clarified the two fields of philosophy of history, the philosophy of history and the analysis of the speculative philosophy of history, he believes that Marx's philosophy of history should belong to the speculative philosophy of history. Walsh of the division of the history of philosophy form theory is the "Walsh standard". Whether Marx's philosophy of history is the history of philosophy and how to go beyond the "Walsh standard" to locate the nature of Marx's philosophy of history on the issue, constitute the core issue of this paper. The research is mainly based on the following considerations: from the current situation of research, research on the "Walsh standard" has been involved in the Marx philosophy of history and the nature of the problem, research content is rich and can be used for reference. However, studies on this issue are rare, the lack of overall perspective and system The analysis. From the viewpoint of subject theory, the "Walsh standard" exaggerated speculation of Marx's philosophy of history, the analysis of indifference, if simply will cause a series of confusion. For example, the Marx philosophy of history simply as speculative philosophy of history is not appropriate, at the same time this location we will ignore Marx's philosophy of history epistemology, ultimately affect our science of Marx's philosophy of history, accurate positioning. The significance of this study is to clarify the effectiveness of boundary tracing to its source, "Walsh standard", Marx's philosophy of history study on digestion in error. In addition, a comprehensive analysis of the "Walsh standard the theory of" problem, it can deepen the understanding of the history of western philosophy theory, to respond more effectively to the western philosophy of history criticism. From the point of view of practical significance, "wal What does standard simple defects, there is historical idealism may be used. In recent years the history of nihilist trumpeted "revolution is useless", trying to re interpret Marx's philosophy, to deny that before the reform and opening up the history, deny the revolutionary great influence in the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation's career, negate the great performance. Its essence is a kind of idealism, the purpose of which is to mobilize public opinion Chinese collapse of people's spiritual cohesion. Therefore, according to the "misreading of Marx's philosophy of history of Walsh standard" to clarify, prevent the idealist Jianfengchazhen, it is of great practical significance to resist wind. In this paper, the history of nihilism consciously adhere to the scientific research methods the unity of history and logic, make the following research on the qualitative problem of Marx's historical philosophy research is divided into four parts. The introduction part puts forward the content, the "Walsh standard" in the academic circle caused by the chaos theory, emphatically analyses the significance of this study and research at home and abroad on the controversial views and these views of the rationality and limitation of connotation. The second part of the "Walsh standard" to conduct a comprehensive interpretation, expounds the basic concept of Walsh the speculative philosophy of history and philosophy of history. The third part is the reflection of the "Walsh standard", "Walsh revealed the depth standard" the effectiveness of boundary science significance and theory as well as the "Walsh standard" controversial, at the end of this part by Marx's philosophy of history as an example analyzes the theoretical predicament of Walsh standard ". The fourth part mainly answers the core problem is put forward in this paper, this paper discusses the speculation and analysis of the relationship between history and history Understanding the history of relations and other issues, Marx confirmed that the philosophy of history is a speculative practice and analysis of the unity of historical philosophy. The main conclusions of the study: "Walsh standard" to accurately grasp the main problems of the history of ontology and general characteristics of historical epistemology, but ignore the relationship between nature and historical thinking practice in the production of human life, this is the main reason for his misunderstanding of Marx's theory. It needs to be clarified is: over the Marx Hagel theory research results is not a simple accumulation of quantity but quality; the scientific nature of science is not equal to Marx's theory of natural science, the research of it from beginning to end based on human society in practice, the expression of the human destiny concern, this is the theory more rational than scientific positivism; Marx's philosophy of history is not Is the experience of truth is not a priori proposition, it cannot be simply summarized as economic determinism. Marx's philosophy of history is also speculation and analysis, but it is not a speculative philosophy of history is not the analytical philosophy of history, but the practice of the philosophy of history. Its speculative and analytical philosophy of history is different from all previous this kind of personality, reflected in Marx's philosophy of history of human society transformation and hope to realize the free development of people. This is a kind of human history is closely related with the theory of practice, to effectively solve the speculative philosophy of history and analysis of the contradiction, and that make speculative content of truth the analysis and critique the rationality as possible, so that the two true unification.

【学位授予单位】：昆明理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：K01

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