民国史坛上的齐思和（1927-1949）

发布时间：2018-01-19 20:59

本文关键词： 齐思和民国史学中西比较社会史学术评论　出处：《山东大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：齐思和是民国史坛上的少壮派学者之一。他不仅国学根基深厚,还受过西方科学方法的训练,是二十世纪上半叶留美学者中的杰出代表。基于这样的背景,齐思和在中国史和世界史的研究上均取得了令人瞩目的业绩,尤其对先秦史和世界中世纪史造诣颇深。齐思和对民国新史学的理论方法建设有拓新之功。在引介西学方面,齐思和及时介绍反映西方史学发展动向的作品,将最新的国外史学思想和方法输入到国内。同时还对国史改造的途径和步骤、社会史的研究方法有具体阐述,这就构建了一套相对系统的史学理论与研究方法的体系。在先秦史研究上,齐思和从社会经济史、制度史、思想史三个向度着力探索：将经济史研究与社会形态、社会结构、社会生活相结合,挖掘整个社会和全体人民的经济生活,超越了传统的食货之学；通过对先秦制度的考证,揭示制度与社会变革之间的关系,而不局限于还原澄清某项制度的史实和细节；在思想史研究上,齐思和对五行说、西周政治思想、儒家思想进行考析,重新梳理先秦思想的流变,尤能将制度变迁与思想嬗递加以贯通考察。无论是对先秦经济史的掘发、制度史的探研,还是思想史的考析,齐思和的研究都体现出两个鲜明的特点：一是擅长中西比较,即将中国历史同外国历史沟通起来,对中外相类的历史现象进行比较,从外国关于中国的研究中推进本土学者的研究。二是考据(史料)与社会史(史观)兼顾,既有对具体现象、细节的辨析考订,又有对重要制度、重大变迁的宏观探索,走出了一条历史研究的融合会通之路。民国时期,报刊杂志成为学术成果输出传播、学者间沟通交流的主要媒介,成为史学专业化的一个重要面相。齐思和在担任《史学年报》、《燕京学报》、《燕京社会科学》主编期间,以刊物为平台,以平等、开放的学术眼光为引力,将相关学人聚合在一起切磋学术。以“书评”论学术更是塑造了一种全新的学术评价机制。对于民国史学界,齐思和从史学风气和史学著作层面进行了评议。他梳理总结“新史学”的脉络和得失,洞察到掌故派和社会史派各自存在的缺失并提出建议,阐释专题研究和通史编纂的关系,指出历史教学的诸多弊端。同时,他还对当时国内外具有代表性的史学著作进行评介,无论是马克思主义学者还是外国学者,无论是考据作品还是社会史论著,齐思和都能公允评价。在民国学界,齐思和还拥有众多志同道合的师友,这些师友不仅丰富着齐思和的学术生活,更不同程度地影响着他的学术道路。范文澜的文史课程为齐思和打下了扎实的国史基础,是齐思和学术生涯起步期的引导者；顾颉刚的疑古辨伪之作启发齐思和走上古史研究的道路；洪业是一位识才爱才的好伯乐,他推荐齐思和前往哈佛学习美国史,使其有机会身临其境地领悟西方史学的真义。上述诸人成为齐思和取得卓越成就的重要辅翼。齐思和在民国史学的现代化转型中扮演了不可忽视的角色。他博采中西史学之长,既善于作比较研究,又善于借用历史的辅助学科和相关学科的研究方法；他将先秦社会经济史与制度史、思想史作综合研究,主张专题研究与社会史的合一；他编办学术刊物、倡导批评风气,推动了学术运作的制度性建设。上述作为使齐思和成为现代中国史学重要参与者和塑造者之一,在风云际会、群星闪耀的民国史坛上流下了无法抹去的身影。
[Abstract]:Qi Sihe is the history of the Republic of China on the altar of the young group is one of the scholars. He not only Ancient Chinese Literature Search deep, also with western scientific methods of training, is the first half of the twentieth Century outstanding representative scholars studied in America. Based on this background, Qi Si and study in China history and world history has made a remarkable achievement. Especially for the pre Qin history and medieval history of the world has deep attainments.
Qi thought and theoretical methods of the construction of the new history of the Republic of new extension work. In the introduction of Western learning, and the timely introduction of Qi Si historical development trends of Western works, the latest foreign ideas and methods of historical input to the domestic. At the same time also ways and steps of history transformation, research methods of social history detail, it constructs a relatively systematic historical theory and research methods of the system.
In the pre Qin history research, and Qi Si from the social and economic history, history of system, history of thought from three dimensions to explore: the study of economic history and social structure, social structure, social life and the combination of mining, the society and the people's economic life, beyond the Shihuo school tradition; through to the pre Qin the system of research, to reveal the relationship between system and social change, but is not limited to a reduction of clarification of facts and details of the system; in the study of the history of thought, and on the five Qi Si said, the Western Zhou Dynasty political thought, Confucian thought of rheological analysis, re combing pre Qin thoughts, especially the institutional change with the transformation of thought to be through investigation.
Whether it is on the economic history of pre excavation, exploration of the institutional history and thought history analysis, and Qi Si's research has shown two distinct characteristics: one is good at the comparison, is Chinese history with foreign history of Sino foreign communication, historical phenomenon similar compared to advance the study of local scholars from foreign research on the China. Two is the textual (historical) and social history (History) into account, both on the specific details of the phenomenon of textual research, and to explore the important system, macro major changes, out of a fusion of historical research on the road.
The period of the Republic of China, newspapers and magazines as output dissemination of academic achievements, the main media communication among scholars, has become an important sign of history specialization. And Qi Si as "historical annual > > < < Journal of Yanjing Yanjing, during the period of Social Science > editor, with publications as the platform, based on equality and open academic vision for gravity, relevant scholars together. To learn from academic book review on academic is shaping a new academic evaluation mechanism.
For the historian, Qi Si and conducted a review from the historical atmosphere and historical works. He summarizes the level of "new history" of the development and the pros and cons, insight into the social history and anecdotes sent sent missing their existing and proposed the relationship between thematic studies and history compilation interpretation, pointed out many problems in the history teaching at the same time. He also made comments on at that time, the domestic and foreign representative historical works, whether it is the Marx doctrine scholars and foreign scholars, both textual works or social history, and can evaluate the Cees fair.
In the academic circles, and Qi Si also has a number of like-minded friends, these friends not only enrich Qi Si and academic life, even affect his academic road. Fan Wenlan's history curriculum has laid a solid foundation for the history and Qi Si, is Qi Si and academic career started guide; his suspicion of classics of Qi Si and inspired study of ancient history of the road; Hong industry is a know just love good horses, he recommended Qi Si and go to Harvard to study the history of the United States, to have the opportunity to personally on the scene to understand the true meaning of western historiography. These people become an important assistant of Qi Si and outstanding achievements.
Play a role can not be ignored in the history of the Qi Si and the modern transformation of Chinese and western historiography. He drew long, both good for comparative study, research methods and ability to use the auxiliary discipline of history and related disciplines; he will pre Qin society economic history and the history of the system, a comprehensive study of the history of thought, advocated the monographic study with the social history of unity; his office of academic journals, advocating criticism atmosphere, promote the system construction of academic works. As the Qi thought and become one of the modern history, Chinese important participants and shapers in the meeting of wind and clouds stars of the history of the Republic of China, the altar shed can not erase the figure.

【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：K092

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