Aletheia与古希腊史学的求真传统——以希罗多德、修昔底德和波利比乌斯为中心的讨论

发布时间：2018-02-11 01:45

本文关键词： Aletheia 古希腊史家求真传统　出处：《史学史研究》2017年03期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：古希腊文aletheia(α’λη'θεια)一词的词义为真实。在希罗多德的著作中,aletheia意为史事经过史家真假判断而达到的真实。另一方面,希罗多德受到城邦口授传统的影响,往往让听众来判断史事的真假。修昔底德著作中的aletheia,已经摆脱了城邦口授传统的影响,表述了史家对真假判断的自主性。修昔底德还意识到,在某种情况下(如演说词的建构),史家难以再现历史的真实。波利比乌斯则进一步意识到,历史研究可能并存着历史的客观性与史家的主观性。他认为只有普世的历史(即重视世界各地联系与整体性的历史),才能揭示人类历史的真相。以上三位史家所用的aletheia一词及其思想,反映了古希腊史学求真思想的发展及其特点。
[Abstract]:The ancient Greek word aletheia (伪'位畏'胃蔚 l 伪) has the meaning of truth. In Herodotus's works, the meaning of aletheia is the truth achieved by historians' judgment of truth and falsehood. On the other hand, Herodotus is influenced by the dictation tradition of the city-states. It is often up to the audience to judge the truth and falsehood of history. Aletheia, in Thucydides' works, has cast off the influence of the polis dictation tradition and expressed the historian's autonomy over the judgment of truth and falsehood. Thucydides also realized, In some cases (such as the construction of speeches, historians find it difficult to reproduce the truth of history. Pollybius is further aware that, The historical research may coexist the objectivity of history and the subjectivity of historians. He believes that only the universal history (that is, the history of attaching importance to the connection and integrity of all parts of the world) can reveal the truth of human history. The word "aletheia" and its ideas, It reflects the development and characteristics of the thought of seeking truth in ancient Greek historiography.
【作者单位】：北京师范大学历史学院;
【分类号】：K091

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