司马迁史学思想不_司马迁社会思想探析

  本文关键词：司马迁社会思想探析，，由笔耕文化传播整理发布。

司马迁社会思想探析

司马迁社会思想探析

社会思想是人们在生产和生活实践中所形成的,关于社会生活秩序的构建、管理,以及理想社会模式的观念、构想或理论。司马迁撰述《史记》,发表“一家之言”,社会思想在其思想体系中占有重要的地位,但长久以来研究薄弱,本文运用社会学提供的相关理论和策略,尝试从以下三个方面来探讨司马迁的社会思想：第一部分,司马迁关于社会起源和发展的深思。司马迁将人和社会的起源的归结到“人”身上,将社会由无序化到组织化蜕变的功绩归于黄帝,但又提出这一蜕变的深层理由是人的欲望,进而提出社会是不断发展变化的观点,并将社会发展变化的根本理由归结到“人”。第二部分,司马迁对社会分层的深思。司马迁受时代的限制,依然将政治地位作为社会分层的主要标准,并通过《史记》五体结构集中体现出来,但同时也注意到了经济因素在社会分层中的作用,并进一步提出了“素封论”对权力本位的社会等级制度提出挑战,对于君王、官吏(王公贵戚)、平民这三个当时社会典型的阶层的社会角色提出了独到的深思。在此基础上,司马迁批判了当时统治者限制社会流动,主张开放社会流动,鼓励人民通过自己的努力转变社会地位。第三部分,司马迁对社会制约和社会治理模式的深思。社会分层的现实决定了司马迁在深思社会制约的起源时,将君王的作用放到了关键位置,因此主张社会制约的主体是统治者,这就决定了司马迁对历史上几种社会治理模式的深思中,还是以统治者为中心,并沿着这个以统治者为中心的思路而提出自己理想的社会治理模式,但历史眼光决定了其对统治者提出的要求,以民为本。总结司马迁的社会思想,主要有鲜明的人文精神、浓厚的平民色彩、强烈的批判性和独特的创造性几大特点,尽管长久没有得到重视,但掩盖不了其思想光辉。

【Abstract】 Social thought is shaped in daily life and practice. It is mainly about the construction and management of social life order and the idea and theory of idealistic social mode. Sima Qian illustrated his own point of view about the social thought in Historical Records. In the book social thought played an important role in his idea system. However, few scholars focused on it for a long time. The thesis tries to discuss the social thought of Sima Qian in the following three aspects by using relative theories and methods provided by sociology:Firstly, the thesis talks about Sima Qian’s thought about social origin and development. Sima Qian put the human and social origin on "humans", suggesting that Yellow Emperor contributed to the change from social disorder into organization. But he also suggested that the deep reason of the change is due to man’s desire, showing society is continuously changing and developing. Therefore, the basic reason of social change and development is due to "humans".Secondly, the thesis involves his thought of social stratification. Limited by age, Sima Qian still thought of the political position as the main standard of social stratification, which was shown in Historical Records. Meanwhile, he proposed that "Su Feng Lun" challenged social stratification of right standard. He also raised his own thought about kings, officials and citizens, which were the typical and ranked social roles in that society. On the basis, Sima Qian criticized the ruler of that time limited the social mobility and supported an open society.Thirdly, the thesis discusses his thought of social control and social administrative mode. When Sima Qian thought about the origin of social control, he thought the kings effect is the key point. Therefore, he intended that the main part of social control is the ruler. So it turns out that ruler is the center in the several mode sof social administration by Sima Qian. He gave out his own realistic social administrative mode by his theory. But his view on history determined that he would raise more demands to the ruler:people oriented.Sima Qian’s social thought contains clear humanistic spirit,deep commoner characteristics, strong criticalness. Although few people regarded his social idea, it does be meaningful and valuable.

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  本文关键词：司马迁社会思想探析，由笔耕文化传播整理发布。