叶适历史盛衰论研究

发布时间：2018-04-08 12:14

本文选题：叶适　切入点：盛衰论　出处：《河南师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：历史盛衰论即是对国家何以兴,又因何而衰的反思与概括。通过对“前事”的总结,为“后事”提供治世之道。纵观古今,历代学者均对历史盛衰问题进行了思考。叶适作为南宋时期事功学派的集大成者,亦就这一问题从君德、人才、民本等不同方面提出了自己的看法。叶适的历史盛衰理论是以“君德”为基石,强调“有德则兴,无德则衰而亡”,以自身之“德教”培养人才,以“名实相符”的标准选拔人才,能者上,庸者下,从而与君主共守天下。以“民重君轻”的准则施政于民,主张从“田地”入手,解决当时“民”的问题,通过“修身明势”规避导致国家衰亡的潜在因素。在“君德”层面,叶适认为“君德”不仅是君主个人修养品德,也是得天下、治天下的衡量标准和尺度。他反对君主利用权利威令治理国家,认为君主应当“为政以德”,同时强调“蓄实德”。以君主之德治理天下,使天下之人真正归附。在“人才”层面,叶适认为君主应该“进人以礼”,针对南宋当时的选官任官制度的诟病,叶适希望制定合理的人才培养和选拔制度,同时君主应当给予所用之人以充分的信任,分权给臣下。在“重民”层面,在叶适看来,民之数量多少,财富多寡,是国家盛衰的直接反应,应该通过以官养之和使民自养的“养民”,通过制定合理制度的“富民”,通过轻徭薄赋的“治民”等方面对立国之本的“民”进行治理。从“势”的角度方面,所谓“势”,即是指历史发展之规律。通过对“势”的把握,规避施政上的潜在问题。叶适强调在把握“时势”的基础上,适当的使用“权势”来顺应历史发展的“趋势”。通过对“势”的把握并能适时调整政策治理天下,是叶适对君主的期望。叶适历史盛衰理论具有明显经世致用的事功性,他反对理学的空谈,重“实德”,同时,注重用发展的眼光看待历史的盛衰。
[Abstract]:That is on the national historical ups and downs on how and why and Xing, reflection and summary. The "one ring" summary of Taoism "to provide funeral". Throughout history, the scholars are thinking of historical ups and downs Yeshi. As a master of the Southern Song Dynasty into practical school, also this problem from the personnel, their views of the people in different aspects. Ye's theory is based on "the historical rise and fall" as the cornerstone, the emphasis on "De Xing without virtue is bad", with its "moral education" to cultivate talent, to "reality" the standard of selecting talents, capable, concerning, and to keep the world. "A civil rights" policy guidelines for the people, from the "field" to start, then solve the issue of "people", leading to potential factors of national decline by self potential. In the "Ming" to avoid the "layer And Ye Shi believes that the "conduit" is not only a personal moral cultivation, but also the world, measure scale and rule the world. He opposed the monarchy and the right to power to govern the country, that the monarch should "rule by virtue", also stressed that "storage Shide." to the monarch's Moral Governance of the world, so that all the people true. Joined in the "talent" level, Ye Shi believes that the monarch should "into rite", criticized the official appointment system at that time, the official selection of Southern Song Dynasty, ye hope of personnel training and selection system to make reasonable use, the sovereign should give full trust at the same time, decentralization to the "people in the courtiers." in the leaf level, many people, it seems appropriate, the number of the amount of wealth, is a direct response to the rise and fall of the country, should be adopted to keep official and the autotrophic "cultivating people", through the establishment of reasonable system of "the rich", through the light thin Fu Yao people "" In the opposite aspects of the "people" of governance. From the perspective of "potential", "Shi", which refers to the historical development of the law. Through the "potential" to grasp, to avoid potential problems on the administration. Ye in the grasp of the situation that "on the basis of proper use" power "to conform to the historical development of" trend ". Through the" potential "to grasp and adjust the policy to govern the world, is suitable for the monarch's expectations. The leaf leaf suitable achievements has obvious practical and theory of history, he opposed science talk," Sui ", at the same time, pay attention to look at history with the development of the vision of the ups and downs.

【学位授予单位】：河南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K092

【参考文献】