魏晋南北朝史学正统观念的特点

发布时间：2018-05-03 04:01

本文选题：传统史学 + 两汉　；参考：《学习与探索》2010年04期

【摘要】：正统观念是传统史学思想的重要内涵。自汉代以来迄于清代,各时代的史学都普遍重视于对历史王朝正统与否的评判。由于时代特点和政治需要不同,各时代史学的正统观念也有差异。以往的史学研究,对历代史学的正统观念虽有涉猎,但多不系统。本期这组专题讨论文章,通过对历代传统史学正统观念系统梳理和探讨,以期揭示其具体内涵、思想本质及其发展变化。汪高鑫的《经学与两汉史学的正统观念》一文,论述了两汉史学正统观念的具体表现:重视宣扬天命王权思想,以为王朝建立的合法性和正统性提出神意解说;通过构建历史王朝统系,以确立史学上的正统主义;通过"摒秦"与"宣汉",来否定秦朝的历史统绪,确定汉朝的历史地位。这都与两汉经学的具体影响密不可分。马小能的《魏晋南北朝史学正统观念的特点》一文,探讨了魏晋南北朝国家分裂与民族融合背景之下史学的正统观念,认为王朝更迭频仍促使史家在史书撰修时的断限、起元及具体内容上都非常注意弥缝与讳饰;强调南北朝时期史学正统之争通过夷夏之辨的方式进行,而结果却是历史文化认同意识的加强。王记录的《两宋时期史学正统观念的发展》一文,肯定两宋时期是中国传统史学正统观念发展的鼎盛时期和转折时期。说它是鼎盛时期,是因为这一时期论正统成为一时风尚,关于正统问题的讨论理论色彩更浓重;说它是转折时期,是因为宋代学者不仅对前代正统问题进行了批判总结,而且开辟了正统理论的新天地。许殿才的《王夫之的正统之辨》一文,认为王夫之作为传统史学正统论的总结者,并不赞成使用正统论进行历史评判,因为其理论根基有先天缺陷,在实际运用中也因遭遇多重困难而导致混乱。王夫之肯定君主是维系天下秩序的核心,立君统以定天下是天经地义,但需要有道统与之配合,才会形成天下有道的理想社会局面。
[Abstract]:The orthodox concept is an important connotation of the traditional historiography thought. Since the Han Dynasty, history in the Qing Dynasty has paid great attention to the judgment of the orthodox history of the historical dynasties. Because of the different characteristics of the times and the political needs, the orthodox ideas of the historiography of the different times have also been different. The orthodox ideas of the history of the past dynasties, though Shi Xueyan, have been involved in the history of history. But it is not systematic. This series of topic discussion articles in this period are combed and discussed through the orthodox concept system of traditional historiography of the past dynasties, in order to reveal the concrete connotation, the essence of the thought and the change of its development. Wang Gaoxin's orthodox concept of Confucian classics and the history of Han Dynasty, and the concrete manifestation of the orthodox concept of the history of the Han Dynasty, are discussed. Thinking of the legality and orthodoxy of the establishment of the Dynasty put forward the interpretation of God and meaning; through the construction of historical Dynasty system, to establish historical orthodoxy, through the "Qin" and "Xuanhan", to deny the Qin Dynasty history and determine the historical status of the Han Dynasty. This is closely related to the specific influence of the Han Dynasty. Studying the characteristics of orthodox concept, this paper discusses the orthodox concept of historiography under the background of national division and national integration in the Wei, Jin, northern and Southern Dynasties. It is believed that the frequency of Dynasty is still impel the historians to break the limits when they are written in the history books. They both pay much attention to the gap between the yuan and the specific content, and emphasize that the orthodox dispute over the southern and Northern Dynasties through the differentiation of the Yi Xia Dynasty. The result is the strengthening of historical and cultural identity. Wang recorded the development of the orthodox concept of historiography in the two Song dynasties. It was affirmed that the period of the two Song Dynasty was the heyday and the turning point of the development of traditional Chinese traditional history concept. The discussion of theoretical color is more heavy; it is a turning point, because the scholars in the Song Dynasty not only criticized the orthodox problems of the former generation, but also opened up a new world of orthodox theory. Xu's "Wang Fuzhi's Orthodox discrimination" was a article that thought Wang Fuzhi was the summary of orthodox theory of traditional history and did not approve of the use of orthodoxy to make history. Judgment, because of its theoretical foundation has congenital defects, and in practical use also caused confusion due to multiple difficulties. Wang Fuzhi affirmed that the monarch is the core of maintaining the world order. It is natural to establish the emperor to establish the world, but it is necessary to cooperate with them to form an ideal social situation in the world.

【作者单位】：北京师范大学历史学院史学所;
【分类号】：K092

【共引文献】